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Related Concept Videos

Radiation: Applications01:17

Radiation: Applications

The average temperature of Earth is the subject of much current discussion. Earth is in radiative contact with both the Sun and dark space; it receives almost all its energy from the radiation of the Sun and reflects some of it into outer space. Dark space is very cold, about 3 K, so Earth radiates energy into it. For instance, heat transfer occurs from soil and grasses, the rate of which can be so rapid that frost can occur on clear summer evenings, even in warm latitudes.
The average...
Absorption of Radiation01:05

Absorption of Radiation

The rate of heat transfer by emitted radiation is described by the Stefan-Boltzmann law of radiation:
Chemical Agents for Microbial Control01:27

Chemical Agents for Microbial Control

Chemicals play important roles in controlling microbial growth by targeting microbial structures and functions as sanitizers, antiseptics, disinfectants, and sterilants.Alcohols are commonly used sanitizers, effectively disrupting lipid membranes, which compromises cell integrity. They are also used as antiseptics and disinfectants due to their rapid action and versatility.Phenols and their derivatives phenolics , known for denaturing proteins and disrupting cell membranes, are particularly...
Radiation Pressure: Problem Solving01:09

Radiation Pressure: Problem Solving

The radiation pressure applied by an electromagnetic wave on a perfectly absorbing surface equals the energy density of the wave. The wave's momentum also gets transferred to the surface when an electromagnetic wave is entirely absorbed by it. The rate at which momentum is transmitted to an absorbing surface perpendicular to the propagation direction equals the force on the surface.
The average value of the rate of momentum transfer divided by the absorbing area represents the average force per...
Biological Effects of Radiation02:59

Biological Effects of Radiation

All radioactive nuclides emit high-energy particles or electromagnetic waves. When this radiation encounters living cells, it can cause heating, break chemical bonds, or ionize molecules. The most serious biological damage results when these radioactive emissions fragment or ionize molecules. For example, α and β particles emitted from nuclear decay reactions possess much higher energies than ordinary chemical bond energies. When these particles strike and penetrate matter, they produce ions...
Nuclear Power02:36

Nuclear Power

Controlled nuclear fission reactions are used to generate electricity. Any nuclear reactor that produces power via the fission of uranium or plutonium by bombardment with neutrons has six components: nuclear fuel consisting of fissionable material, a nuclear moderator, a neutron source, control rods, reactor coolant, and a shield and containment system.
Nuclear Fuels
Nuclear fuel consists of a fissile isotope, such as uranium-235, which must be present in sufficient quantity to provide a...

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Radiation Planning Assistant - A Streamlined, Fully Automated Radiotherapy Treatment Planning System
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Radiation countermeasure agents: an update.

Francis Dumont1, Antoine Le Roux, Pierre Bischoff

  • 1Université de Strasbourg, Centre Régional de Lutte contre le Cancer Paul Strauss, Laboratoire de Radiobiologie EA-3430, 3 rue de la Porte de l'Hôpital, F-67065 Strasbourg, France.

Expert Opinion on Therapeutic Patents
|December 22, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Developing effective radiation countermeasures (RCs) is crucial due to the health risks of ionizing radiation (IR). This review analyzes 38 diverse compounds from recent patents and publications, with some showing promising clinical potential.

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Area of Science:

  • Radiation biology
  • Medical countermeasures
  • Toxicology

Background:

  • Ionizing radiation (IR) exposure poses significant health risks, leading to severe morbidity and mortality.
  • Current medical management for IR exposure is limited, highlighting a critical public health need.
  • Development of safe and effective radiation countermeasures (RCs) is essential for prevention, mitigation, and treatment.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To survey recent advances in radiation countermeasure (RC) agent development.
  • To analyze chemical diversity and therapeutic potential of identified RC candidates.
  • To identify promising RCs for further clinical evaluation.

Main Methods:

  • Comprehensive review of patent literature and peer-reviewed publications over the past five years.
  • Analysis of approximately 38 chemically diverse compounds with reported RC potential.
  • Categorization of RCs based on their proposed mechanisms of action.

Main Results:

  • Analysis of 43 patents revealed 38 distinct chemical compounds with radiation countermeasure potential.
  • Identified compounds include antioxidants, cell death/cycle modulators, cytokines, growth factors, and anti-inflammatory agents.
  • Several promising RC candidates were identified, with two advancing to fast-track clinical evaluation.

Conclusions:

  • The reviewed RC candidates demonstrate diverse mechanisms for mitigating IR effects.
  • The identified compounds represent a significant advancement in the field of radiation countermeasures.
  • The progression of select candidates into clinical trials indicates their therapeutic promise.