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Estrogens as potential therapeutic agents in multiple sclerosis.

Masaaki Niino1, Makoto Hirotani, Toshiyuki Fukazawa

  • 1Department of Neurology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Kita-15, Nishi-7, Kitaku, Sapporo, Japan. niino@med.hokudai.ac.jp

Central Nervous System Agents in Medicinal Chemistry
|December 22, 2009
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Summary

Pregnancy reduces multiple sclerosis (MS) activity, potentially due to estrogen. Estrogen shows therapeutic promise for MS by reducing inflammation and protecting the brain, warranting further genetic studies.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroimmunology
  • Endocrinology

Background:

  • Multiple sclerosis (MS) disease activity decreases during pregnancy.
  • Estrogen levels rise in pregnancy and possess immunomodulatory properties.
  • Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), an MS model, is less severe with altered estrogen levels.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review evidence linking estrogen to multiple sclerosis (MS).
  • To analyze the therapeutic potential of estrogens in MS.
  • To examine genetic studies on estrogen receptors (ERs) in MS.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on estrogen, MS, and EAE.
  • Analysis of studies on estrogen's immunomodulatory and neuroprotective effects.
  • Examination of research on estrogen receptors (ERs) and their genetic polymorphisms in MS.

Main Results:

  • Estrogen administration in EAE models reduced disease severity and delayed onset.
  • Estrogen exhibits neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory effects, potentially counteracting MS-related brain atrophy.
  • Estrogen receptors (ERs) are present on immune cells, and genetic variations in ERs have been reported in MS patients.

Conclusions:

  • Estrogen plays a significant role in modulating MS pathogenesis.
  • Estrogen demonstrates therapeutic potential for managing MS and its associated brain atrophy.
  • Further research into estrogen's mechanisms and genetic factors is crucial for MS treatment development.