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Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: the differential diagnosis.

W A Weinberg1, G J Emslie

  • 1Department of Neurology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas.

Journal of Child Neurology
|January 1, 1991
PubMed
Summary

Many children diagnosed with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) may have other coexisting conditions. This review covers disorders that mimic or complicate ADHD diagnosis and treatment.

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Area of Science:

  • Pediatric neurology
  • Child psychiatry
  • Developmental psychology

Background:

  • Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is frequently diagnosed in children and adolescents with academic or behavioral difficulties.
  • Systematic evaluation for comorbid or alternative diagnoses is often overlooked.
  • Misdiagnosis can lead to inappropriate treatment and persistent challenges.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To present diagnostic criteria for disorders that may be misidentified as ADHD.
  • To outline management strategies for conditions that mimic or coexist with ADHD.
  • To improve diagnostic accuracy and treatment efficacy in pediatric behavioral and learning difficulties.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic review of literature on differential diagnosis of ADHD.

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  • Analysis of diagnostic criteria for selected neurological and psychiatric disorders.
  • Discussion of clinical presentation and management approaches.

    • Main Results:

    • Several disorders, including depression, mania, vigilance disorders, narcolepsy, specific learning disorders, conduct disorders, and acquired neurologic deficits, can be mistaken for ADHD.
    • These conditions often present with overlapping symptoms, complicating accurate diagnosis.
    • Coexistence of these disorders with ADHD requires tailored management strategies.

    Conclusions:

    • A thorough diagnostic process is crucial to differentiate ADHD from other conditions.
    • Recognizing and managing comorbid or alternative diagnoses is essential for effective treatment.
    • This review provides a framework for clinicians to address complex cases in pediatric behavioral and learning disorders.