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Related Experiment Videos

A possible pathophysiologic substrate of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.

K M Heilman1, K K Voeller, S E Nadeau

  • 1Department of Neurology, University of Florida, College of Medicine, Gainesville 32610.

Journal of Child Neurology
|January 1, 1991
PubMed
Summary

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is linked to right hemisphere dysfunction. This suggests a right-sided frontal-striatal system impairment contributing to ADHD symptoms like inattention and hyperactivity.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Developmental Psychology
  • Child Psychiatry

Background:

  • Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is characterized by attention deficits, impaired response inhibition, and motor restlessness.
  • Adults with right hemisphere dysfunction exhibit inattention, poor response inhibition, and impersistence more frequently than those with left hemisphere dysfunction.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To propose that children with ADHD exhibit right hemisphere dysfunction.
  • To suggest that ADHD in children involves a dysfunction within a right-sided frontal-striatal system.

Main Methods:

  • Comparative analysis of symptoms in adults with unilateral brain dysfunction and children with ADHD.
  • Examination of neurobiological correlates, including brain activation patterns and neurotransmitter systems.

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Main Results:

  • Children with ADHD display symptoms consistent with right hemisphere dysfunction, including left-sided neglect and reduced right neostriatum activation.
  • The observed symptoms in ADHD align with findings in patients and animal models with frontal lobe and striatal dysfunction.

Conclusions:

  • Children with ADHD likely have a right hemisphere dysfunction.
  • A right-sided frontal-striatal system impairment, potentially involving the mesocortical dopamine system, may underlie ADHD symptoms such as inattention, response inhibition deficits, and motor restlessness.