Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Pneumothorax-II

Pneumothorax-II

Pneumothorax is a medical condition defined by the buildup of air in the pleural space between the lungs and the chest wall. This accumulation of air can lead to partial or complete lung collapse, resulting in a range of clinical manifestations. Understanding the clinical presentation and effective management strategies is crucial for healthcare professionals in providing timely and appropriate care to individuals with pneumothorax.
Clinical Manifestations:

Pneumothorax II: Pathophysiology

Pneumothorax II: Pathophysiology

Pneumothorax means the presence of air in the pleural space — the thin potential gap between the visceral and parietal pleura. This condition disrupts the normal pressure balance that keeps the lungs inflated, leading to partial or complete collapse of the affected lung.Normal physiologyUnder normal conditions, the pleural space maintains a slightly negative intrapleural pressure, which keeps the lungs expanded against the chest wall. This negative pressure creates a delicate balance between...

Pneumothorax-I

Pneumothorax-I

A pneumothorax is a condition where air builds up in the space between the lung and the chest wall, causing the lung to collapse. This condition arises when air enters the space between the parietal and visceral pleura, disrupting the negative pressure essential for lung inflation. This can lead to a partial or complete collapse of the lung.
Pneumothorax can be even further classified as spontaneous, traumatic, and tension pneumothorax.

Increased Intracranial Pressure l: Introduction

Increased Intracranial Pressure l: Introduction

Intracranial hypertension is a sustained elevation of intracranial pressure (ICP) above 22 mm Hg. In supine adults, normal ICP is ~7–15 mm Hg.The rigid, nonexpandable cranium contains three components—brain tissue, blood, and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)—that total ~1,700 mL in a typical adult: 1,400 mL brain (~80%), 150 mL blood (~10%), and 150 mL CSF (~10%). According to the Monro–Kellie doctrine, total intracranial volume is effectively fixed. When one component expands, CSF and venous blood...

Increased Intracranial Pressure ll: Pathophysiology

Increased Intracranial Pressure ll: Pathophysiology

Increased intracranial pressure (ICP) refers to a potentially life-threatening rise in pressure inside the skull. This usually happens when there is a major change in the volume of brain tissue, blood, or cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) — the three components inside the skull. According to the Monro-Kellie doctrine, if the volume of one component increases, the volumes of the other components must decrease to maintain normal pressure. If this does not happen, ICP rises.The process often begins with...

Epistaxis

Epistaxis

Epistaxis, or nosebleeds, occurs when small, swollen blood vessels in the nasal mucous membrane rupture. Typically, the anterior septum is the primary site of occurrence.
Etiology
Possible causes of this condition include high blood pressure, trauma, low humidity, upper respiratory tract infections, allergies, foreign bodies, nasal inhalation of corticosteroids or illicit drugs, excessive use of decongestant nasal sprays, facial or nasal surgery, anatomic malformation, tumors, or systemic...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Lidocaine spray vs tetracaine solution for transnasal fiber-optic laryngoscopy.

American journal of otolaryngology·2009

Same author

Epiglottis reshaping using CO2 laser: a minimally invasive technique and its potent applications.

Head & face medicine·2008

Same author

Thermal welding technology vs ligasure tonsillectomy: a comparative study.

American journal of otolaryngology·2008

Same author

Septal cartilage reshaping with the use of an Erbium doped glass fiber laser. Preliminary results.

Rhinology·2008

Same author

Diagnosis and management of substernal goiter at the University of Crete.

Surgery today·2008

Same author

Microscopic endonasal surgery of nasal and paranasal cavities.

Auris, nasus, larynx·2008

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 17, 2026

Training Rats to Voluntarily Dive Underwater: Investigations of the Mammalian Diving Response

Training Rats to Voluntarily Dive Underwater: Investigations of the Mammalian Diving Response

Published on: November 12, 2014

Sphenoid sinus barotrauma after free diving.

Constantinos Bourolias¹, Antonios Gkotsis

¹Department of Otolaryngology, Naval Hospital of Crete, Souda, Chania, Crete, Greece. bourolias@hotmail.com

American Journal of Otolaryngology

|December 22, 2009

Summary

Free diving can cause sphenoid sinus barotrauma, a condition affecting the sinus cavity. This occurs due to pressure changes experienced during underwater activities like free diving.

Area of Science:

Otolaryngology
Diving Medicine
Radiology

Background:

Barotrauma is a recognized risk in diving activities.
Sphenoid sinus involvement is less commonly reported compared to other sinuses.

Observation:

Two male patients, aged 29 and 37, experienced sphenoid sinus barotrauma.
The incidents were associated with free diving at approximately 12 meters depth.

Findings:

Computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) confirmed unilateral sphenoid sinus occupation in both cases.
Imaging findings indicated direct barotrauma to the sphenoid sinus.

Implications:

Highlights the risk of sphenoid sinus barotrauma in free divers.

More Related Videos

Microvascular Decompression: Salient Surgical Principles and Technical Nuances

Microvascular Decompression: Salient Surgical Principles and Technical Nuances

Published on: July 5, 2011

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 17, 2026

Training Rats to Voluntarily Dive Underwater: Investigations of the Mammalian Diving Response

Training Rats to Voluntarily Dive Underwater: Investigations of the Mammalian Diving Response

Published on: November 12, 2014

Microvascular Decompression: Salient Surgical Principles and Technical Nuances

Microvascular Decompression: Salient Surgical Principles and Technical Nuances

Published on: July 5, 2011

Suggests the need for increased awareness and potential preventative measures for divers.

Underscores the utility of advanced imaging in diagnosing diving-related sinus injuries.