Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Valence Bond Theory02:42

Valence Bond Theory

Coordination compounds and complexes exhibit different colors, geometries, and magnetic behavior, depending on the metal atom/ion and ligands from which they are composed. In an attempt to explain the bonding and structure of coordination complexes, Linus Pauling proposed the valence bond theory, or VBT, using the concepts of hybridization and the overlapping of the atomic orbitals. According to VBT, the central metal atom or ion (Lewis acid) hybridizes to provide empty orbitals of suitable...
Complexation Equilibria: Factors Influencing Stability of Complexes01:09

Complexation Equilibria: Factors Influencing Stability of Complexes

In complexation reactions, metal cations are the electron pair acceptors, and the ligands are the electron pair donors. The stability of the metal complexes depends primarily on the complexing ability of the central metal ion and the nature of the ligands. Generally, the complexing ability of the metal ion depends on the size and charge of the ion. As the metal ion size increases, the stability of the metal complexes decreases, provided that the valency of the metal ion and the ligands remain...
Complexation Equilibria: The Chelate Effect01:19

Complexation Equilibria: The Chelate Effect

In complexation reactions, metal atoms or cations interact with ligands to form donor-acceptor adducts called metal complexes. Ligands that bind through one donor site are monodentate, ligands with two donor sites are bidentate, and those with more than two donor sites are polydentate ligands. For example, ethylene diamine is a bidentate ligand that binds through two nitrogen donor atoms, forming a five-membered ring. EDTA is a polydentate ligand that binds through four oxygen and two nitrogen...
Metal-Ligand Bonds02:51

Metal-Ligand Bonds

The hemoglobin in the blood, the chlorophyll in green plants, vitamin B-12, and the catalyst used in the manufacture of polyethylene all contain coordination compounds. Ions of the metals, especially the transition metals, are likely to form complexes.
In these complexes, transition metals form coordinate covalent bonds, a kind of Lewis acid-base interaction in which both of the electrons in the bond are contributed by a donor (Lewis base) to an electron acceptor (Lewis acid). The Lewis acid in...
Colors and Magnetism03:02

Colors and Magnetism

Color in Coordination Complexes
When atoms or molecules absorb light at the proper frequency, their electrons are excited to higher-energy orbitals. For many main group atoms and molecules, the absorbed photons are in the ultraviolet range of the electromagnetic spectrum, which cannot be detected by the human eye. For coordination compounds, the energy difference between the d orbitals often allows photons in the visible range to be absorbed and emitted, which is seen as colors by the human eye.
Properties of Transition Metals02:58

Properties of Transition Metals

Transition metals are defined as those elements that have partially filled d orbitals. As shown in Figure 1, the d-block elements in groups 3–12 are transition elements. The f-block elements, also called inner transition metals (the lanthanides and actinides), also meet this criterion because the d orbital is partially occupied before the f orbitals.

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Low-temperature photooxidation of iso- and <i>n</i>-butane to olefins on rutile TiO<sub>2</sub>(110).

Physical chemistry chemical physics : PCCP·2026
Same author

EIF4A3/ALKBH5 axis promotes meningioma cell growth, invasion, and resistance to CD8<sup>+</sup> T cell-mediated cytotoxicity by inducing M2 polarization.

Clinical immunology (Orlando, Fla.)·2026
Same author

Efficacy and safety of dinutuximab beta combined with GM-CSF and isotretinoin ± chemotherapy as first-line maintenance treatment for pediatric high-risk neuroblastoma in China.

Frontiers in oncology·2026
Same author

A Consistent Approach to One Coordinate Pnictide Moieties M≡Pn<sup>-</sup> Using PnH<sub>2</sub> <sup>-</sup> Salts (M = Zr, Ti; Pn = P, As, Sb).

Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)·2026
Same author

Dramatic expansion of bimodal redox window of indigo by two-electron redox processes.

Nature communications·2025
Same author

Confinement-controlled selective CO2 insertion into a dicopper dihydride core: A multiscale mechanistic study.

The Journal of chemical physics·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 17, 2026

Experimental Approaches for the Synthesis of Low-Valent Metal-Organic Frameworks from Multitopic Phosphine Linkers
07:14

Experimental Approaches for the Synthesis of Low-Valent Metal-Organic Frameworks from Multitopic Phosphine Linkers

Published on: May 12, 2023

Facile entry to 3d late transition metal boryl complexes.

Ba L Tran1, Debashis Adhikari, Hongjun Fan

  • 1Department of Chemistry and the Molecular Structure Center, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 46405, USA.

Dalton Transactions (Cambridge, England : 2003)
|December 22, 2009
PubMed
Summary

Mononuclear nickel and cobalt boryl complexes were synthesized using sigma-bond metathesis. A nickel-boryl Lewis acid-base adduct intermediate was detected and structurally analyzed.

More Related Videos

Versatile CO2 Transformations into Complex Products: A One-pot Two-step Strategy
07:36

Versatile CO2 Transformations into Complex Products: A One-pot Two-step Strategy

Published on: November 9, 2019

Accessing Valuable Ligand Supports for Transition Metals: A Modified, Intermediate Scale Preparation of 1,2,3,4,5-Pentamethylcyclopentadiene
09:45

Accessing Valuable Ligand Supports for Transition Metals: A Modified, Intermediate Scale Preparation of 1,2,3,4,5-Pentamethylcyclopentadiene

Published on: March 20, 2017

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 17, 2026

Experimental Approaches for the Synthesis of Low-Valent Metal-Organic Frameworks from Multitopic Phosphine Linkers
07:14

Experimental Approaches for the Synthesis of Low-Valent Metal-Organic Frameworks from Multitopic Phosphine Linkers

Published on: May 12, 2023

Versatile CO2 Transformations into Complex Products: A One-pot Two-step Strategy
07:36

Versatile CO2 Transformations into Complex Products: A One-pot Two-step Strategy

Published on: November 9, 2019

Accessing Valuable Ligand Supports for Transition Metals: A Modified, Intermediate Scale Preparation of 1,2,3,4,5-Pentamethylcyclopentadiene
09:45

Accessing Valuable Ligand Supports for Transition Metals: A Modified, Intermediate Scale Preparation of 1,2,3,4,5-Pentamethylcyclopentadiene

Published on: March 20, 2017

Area of Science:

  • Organometallic Chemistry
  • Inorganic Chemistry

Background:

  • Boryl complexes are valuable synthetic intermediates.
  • Sigma-bond metathesis offers a pathway for their synthesis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To prepare mononuclear nickel and cobalt boryl complexes.
  • To investigate reaction intermediates in nickel boryl complex formation.

Main Methods:

  • Synthesis via sigma-bond metathesis.
  • Experimental detection using phosphorus-31 Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (31P NMR) spectroscopy.
  • Theoretical structural analysis using Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations.

Main Results:

  • Successful preparation of mononuclear nickel and cobalt boryl complexes.
  • Experimental observation of a Lewis acid-base adduct intermediate for nickel.
  • DFT calculations provided structural insights into the intermediate.

Conclusions:

  • Sigma-bond metathesis is an effective route to nickel and cobalt boryl complexes.
  • A Lewis acid-base adduct is a key intermediate in nickel boryl complex formation.
  • Combined experimental and computational methods elucidate reaction mechanisms.