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Related Concept Videos

2° Amines to N-Nitrosamines: Reaction with NaNO201:20

2° Amines to N-Nitrosamines: Reaction with NaNO2

Secondary amines react with nitrous acid to form N-nitrosamines, as depicted in Figure 1. Nitrous acid, a weak and unstable acid, is formed in situ from an aqueous solution of sodium nitrite and strong acids, such as hydrochloric acid or sulfuric acid, in cold conditions. In the presence of an acid, the nitrous acid gets protonated. The subsequent loss of water results in the formation of the electrophile known as nitrosonium ion.
Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution: Nitration of Benzene01:20

Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution: Nitration of Benzene

The nitration of benzene is an example of an electrophilic aromatic substitution reaction. It involves the formation of a very powerful electrophile, the nitronium ion, which is linear in shape. The reaction occurs through the interaction of two strong acids, sulfuric and nitric acid.
Nitrosation of Enols01:19

Nitrosation of Enols

The nitrosation reaction is one of the methods of preparing 1,2-diketones. The enol tautomer of the starting ketone reacts with sodium nitrite in hydrochloric acid, generating the 1,2-diketone after hydrolysis.
Preparation of Nitriles01:12

Preparation of Nitriles

One of the common methods to prepare nitriles is the dehydration of amides. This method requires strong dehydrating agents like phosphorous pentoxide or boiling acetic anhydride for converting amides to nitriles. Another reagent namely, thionyl chloride also accomplishes the dehydration of amides, where amide acts as a nucleophile. The first step of the mechanism involves the nucleophilic attack by the amide on the thionyl chloride to form an intermediate. In the next step, the electron pairs...
meta-Directing Deactivators: –NO2, –CN, –CHO, –⁠CO2R, –COR, –CO2H01:13

meta-Directing Deactivators: –NO2, –CN, –CHO, –⁠CO2R, –COR, –CO2H

All meta-directing substituents are deactivating groups. These substituents withdraw electrons from the aromatic ring, making the ring less reactive toward electrophilic substitution. For example, the nitration of nitrobenzene is 100,000 times slower than that of benzene because of the deactivating effect of the nitro group. The first step in an electrophilic aromatic substitution is the addition of an electrophile to form a resonance-stabilized carbocation. The energy diagrams for the...
Preparation of Amines: Reduction of Oximes and Nitro Compounds01:29

Preparation of Amines: Reduction of Oximes and Nitro Compounds

Oximes can be reduced to primary amines using catalytic hydrogenation, hydride reduction, or sodium metal reduction. The reduction of aliphatic and aromatic nitro compounds to primary amines takes place by either catalytic hydrogenation or by using active metals like Fe, Zn, and Sn in the presence of an acid.
Though catalytic hydrogenation can reduce nitrobenzenes, the reduction is nonselective in the presence of other functional groups. For instance, if nitrobenzene contains an aldehyde group,...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 17, 2026

Synthesis and Functionalization of Nitrogen-doped Carbon Nanotube Cups with Gold Nanoparticles as Cork Stoppers
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Synthesis and Functionalization of Nitrogen-doped Carbon Nanotube Cups with Gold Nanoparticles as Cork Stoppers

Published on: May 13, 2013

Can nitrones functionalize carbon nanotubes?

Giacomo Ghini1, Lapo Luconi, Andrea Rossin

  • 1Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche CNR, Istituto di Chimica dei Composti Organometallici (ICCOM), via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019 Sesto F.no (Fi), Italy.

Chemical Communications (Cambridge, England)
|December 22, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers developed a new method to functionalize multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) using cyclic nitrone cycloaddition. This process significantly enhances MWCNT solubility in DMF, primarily at defect sites.

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Functionalization of Single-walled Carbon Nanotubes with Thermo-reversible Block Copolymers and Characterization by Small-angle Neutron Scattering
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Synthesis of Metal Nanoparticles Supported on Carbon Nanotube with Doped Co and N Atoms and its Catalytic Applications in Hydrogen Production
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Synthesis of Metal Nanoparticles Supported on Carbon Nanotube with Doped Co and N Atoms and its Catalytic Applications in Hydrogen Production

Published on: December 6, 2021

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Functionalization of Single-walled Carbon Nanotubes with Thermo-reversible Block Copolymers and Characterization by Small-angle Neutron Scattering
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Synthesis of Metal Nanoparticles Supported on Carbon Nanotube with Doped Co and N Atoms and its Catalytic Applications in Hydrogen Production
08:40

Synthesis of Metal Nanoparticles Supported on Carbon Nanotube with Doped Co and N Atoms and its Catalytic Applications in Hydrogen Production

Published on: December 6, 2021

Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Organic Chemistry
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) possess unique properties but suffer from poor solubility.
  • Functionalization is crucial for tailoring MWCNT properties and applications.
  • Existing functionalization methods can be complex or inefficient.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a novel and efficient method for functionalizing MWCNTs.
  • To improve the solubility and processability of MWCNTs.
  • To investigate the site-selectivity of the functionalization reaction.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reaction.
  • Employed a cyclic nitrone as the reacting agent.
  • Characterized the functionalized MWCNTs for solubility and structural integrity.

Main Results:

  • Achieved unprecedented functionalization of MWCNTs.
  • The functionalized MWCNTs exhibited significantly enhanced solubility in N,N-Dimethylformamide (DMF), reaching approximately 10 mg/mL.
  • Functionalization preferentially occurred at defect sites within the MWCNT sp(2) network.

Conclusions:

  • The 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition of cyclic nitrones offers an effective strategy for MWCNT functionalization.
  • This method provides a facile route to soluble MWCNT materials.
  • The site-specific functionalization at defects opens possibilities for controlled material design.