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Related Concept Videos

Disturbances in Heart Rhythm01:29

Disturbances in Heart Rhythm

Arrhythmia or dysrhythmia refers to an abnormal heart rhythm caused by a defect in the heart's conduction system. It can cause the heart to beat irregularly, too quickly, or too slowly, leading to symptoms like chest pain, shortness of breath, and fainting. Factors such as stress, caffeine, alcohol, nicotine, cocaine, certain drugs, congenital defects, diseases, and electrolyte abnormalities can trigger arrhythmias.
Arrhythmias are categorized by their speed, rhythm, and origin. A slow heart...
Aortic Regurgitation I: Introduction01:15

Aortic Regurgitation I: Introduction

IntroductionAortic regurgitation is characterized by the backward flow of blood from the aorta into the left ventricle during diastole and arises from the improper closure of the aortic valve. This condition results in left ventricular volume overload and can stem from both acute and chronic etiologies, each contributing uniquely to the disease's progression and symptomatology.Acute and Chronic CausesAcute aortic regurgitation often results from events that suddenly impair the integrity of the...
Mitral Stenosis I: Introduction01:22

Mitral Stenosis I: Introduction

Mitral Valve Stenosis (MVS) is a heart condition where the mitral valve narrows, impeding blood circulation from the left atrium to the left ventricle. The etiology and pathophysiology of this condition are multifaceted, leading to a cascade of cardiovascular complications.Causes of Mitral Valve StenosisRheumatic Heart Disease: It is the main cause of mitral valve stenosis, particularly in developing nations. This condition arises from rheumatic fever, an inflammatory illness resulting from...
Electrophysiology of Normal Cardiac Rhythm01:19

Electrophysiology of Normal Cardiac Rhythm

The normal cardiac rhythm is a synchronized electrical activity that facilitates the regular and coordinated contraction of the heart muscle. This process is essential for efficient blood circulation throughout the body. The fundamental elements involved in establishing and maintaining this rhythm include the unique electrical properties of cardiac muscle cells, the sinoatrial (SA) node's pacemaker function, the specialized conducting system, and the ionic mechanisms underlying each phase of...
Mitral Regurgitation I: Introduction01:20

Mitral Regurgitation I: Introduction

Mitral regurgitation is characterized by the backward circulation of blood from the left ventricle to the left atrium during systole, a phase of the cardiac cycle when the heart contracts and pumps blood out of the chambers. This abnormal flow occurs primarily due to the dysfunction of the mitral valve or its supporting structures, which include the mitral leaflets, chordae tendineae, annulus, and papillary muscles.Etiology and Mechanisms:Primary Mitral Regurgitation: This type arises from...
Mechanism of Cardiac Arrhythmias01:28

Mechanism of Cardiac Arrhythmias

Arrhythmias are irregular heart rhythms occurring when the heart's electrical impulses become abnormal. These disturbances can lead to various symptoms, depending on their severity and the underlying cause. Some common factors contributing to arrhythmias include hypoxia, ischemia, electrolyte imbalances, excessive catecholamine exposure, drug toxicity, and muscle overstretching. Arrhythmias can be classified into two main types based on the rate and site of origin of abnormal heart rhythms.

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Real-Time Cardiac Mapping with a Noninvasive Imageless Electrocardiographic Imaging System
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Real-Time Cardiac Mapping with a Noninvasive Imageless Electrocardiographic Imaging System

Published on: April 11, 2025

An unintentional left ventricular stimulation.

P L Massoure1, J L Caumes

  • 1Service de Médecine, Hôpital Bouffard, Armées, Djibouti. plmassoure@aol.com

Cardiovascular Journal of Africa
|December 22, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

A pacemaker lead was unintentionally implanted in a heart vein instead of the ventricle. This rare event, involving fixed-screw lead placement in the coronary sinus, has not been previously documented.

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Real-Time Cardiac Mapping with a Noninvasive Imageless Electrocardiographic Imaging System
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Ablation of Ischemic Ventricular Tachycardia Using a Multipolar Catheter and 3-dimensional Mapping System for High-density Electro-anatomical Reconstruction
06:57

Ablation of Ischemic Ventricular Tachycardia Using a Multipolar Catheter and 3-dimensional Mapping System for High-density Electro-anatomical Reconstruction

Published on: January 31, 2019

Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Medical Device Technology
  • Cardiac Electrophysiology

Background:

  • Pacemaker implantation is a standard procedure for managing bradyarrhythmias.
  • Complete atrio-ventricular block necessitates reliable ventricular pacing for hemodynamic stability.
  • Lead placement within the cardiac chambers is crucial for effective pacing and signal sensing.

Observation:

  • A 31-year-old male patient presented with electrocardiogram (ECG) findings indicative of permanent ventricular stimulation.
  • The ECG showed specific QRS complex morphology (negative in leads I, aVL, and V2-V5).
  • Imaging or intraoperative findings revealed the ventricular lead tip lodged within a branch of the great cardiac vein.

Findings:

  • The patient's pacemaker ventricular lead was unintentionally implanted and fixed within the coronary sinus, specifically a branch of the great cardiac vein.
  • This represents a case of unintentional coronary sinus lead implantation using a fixed-screw mechanism.
  • The ECG findings correlated with the abnormal lead position, indicating ventricular pacing from an ectopic location.

Implications:

  • This case highlights a previously unreported complication of pacemaker implantation.
  • Accurate lead placement is critical; malposition can lead to suboptimal pacing, sensing issues, or phrenic nerve stimulation.
  • Awareness of this potential complication is important for electrophysiologists and cardiac surgeons to ensure proper lead deployment and patient safety.