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Related Concept Videos

Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease01:25

Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease

Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is the backward flow of stomach contents (acid, pepsin, or bile) into the esophagus, causing mucosal inflammation known as esophagitis. It results from failure of antireflux mechanisms, mainly the lower esophageal sphincter (LES), influenced by mechanical and physiological factors.Etiology and Risk FactorsGERD develops when LES function is weakened or when intra-abdominal pressure increases. Risk factors include aging, obesity, and sliding hiatal hernia,...
Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease II: Clinical Features and Management01:29

Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease II: Clinical Features and Management

Gastroesophageal reflux disease, or GERD, is a persistent medical condition that affects many individuals worldwide. Its clinical manifestations can vary greatly, making diagnosis and management challenging for healthcare professionals. The following is a comprehensive overview of the clinical manifestations, assessment, and management strategies for GERD.
Clinical Manifestations
GERD presents itself in a multitude of ways, with symptoms varying from person to person. The hallmark symptoms are...
Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease I: Meaning and Pathophysiology01:29

Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease I: Meaning and Pathophysiology

Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD) involves the recurrent backflow of the stomach or duodenal contents into the esophagus, leading to troublesome symptoms and potential esophageal mucosal damage. Although GERD is often referred to as a disease, it is more accurately described as a syndrome, as it encompasses a range of symptoms and complications rather than a singular pathological entity, impacting a large number of individuals as the most prevalent upper gastrointestinal problem. Roughly...
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease III: Chronic Bronchitis Features01:24

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease III: Chronic Bronchitis Features

Chronic bronchitis is a key phenotype of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), characterized by airway-centered inflammation and mucus overproduction. It develops from long-term exposure to harmful particles or gases, most commonly cigarette smoke, which triggers a persistent inflammatory response.Cellular and Structural ChangesInflammation initially affects the large bronchi and later the smaller airways, with infiltration by immune cells, including neutrophils, macrophages, and...
Upper Respiratory Drugs: Antitussives, Expectorants, and Mucolytics01:23

Upper Respiratory Drugs: Antitussives, Expectorants, and Mucolytics

Respiratory symptoms, such as congestion and cough, commonly accompany respiratory tract conditions. Various medications, such as antitussives, expectorants, and mucolytics, play crucial roles in providing relief.
Antitussives include codeine, dextromethorphan (Robitussin), and benzonatate (Tessalon). Codeine and dextromethorphan exert their effects centrally by suppressing the cough reflex center in the medulla.  Benzonatate operates peripherally within the respiratory tract by anesthetizing...
Barrett Esophagus-II: Clinical Manifestations and Management01:21

Barrett Esophagus-II: Clinical Manifestations and Management

Individuals with Barrett's esophagus are often asymptomatic, but they may experience symptoms commonly associated with GERD, such as heartburn and acid regurgitation. Additional symptoms can include difficulty swallowing, chest pain, unintentional weight loss, blood in the stool (which may appear black, tarry, or bloody), and episodes of vomiting.
To diagnose Barrett's esophagus, healthcare providers often recommend an endoscopy for those showing symptoms of acid reflux. The procedure entails...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 17, 2026

Simultaneous Laryngopharyngeal and Conventional Esophageal pH Monitoring
06:46

Simultaneous Laryngopharyngeal and Conventional Esophageal pH Monitoring

Published on: December 14, 2020

New developments in reflux-associated cough.

Jaclyn Smith1, Ashley Woodcock, Lesley Houghton

  • 1Respiratory Research Group, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK, jacky.smith@manchester.ac.uk.

Lung
|December 22, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (GORD) is a common cause of chronic cough. New research explores how different types of reflux events, including proximal reflux, link to coughing, even without excessive reflux.

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Area of Science:

  • Gastroenterology
  • Pulmonology
  • Otolaryngology

Background:

  • Gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (GORD) is a leading cause of chronic cough, alongside asthma and nasal disease.
  • Traditional diagnosis often relies on empirical anti-acid treatment, but GORD presents in various forms.
  • Recent research investigates specific GORD subtypes and their connection to chronic cough mechanisms.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the diverse manifestations of GORD in chronic cough patients.
  • To elucidate the mechanisms linking different types of reflux events to chronic cough.
  • To analyze the temporal association between reflux events and coughing episodes.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing oesophageal impedance monitoring to detect all reflux events (acidic and non-acidic).
  • Classifying reflux based on proximal extension (e.g., to the pharynx).
  • Examining statistical associations between reflux events and coughing in patients.

Main Results:

  • A significant proportion of chronic cough patients show a correlation between reflux and cough events.
  • This association exists even without excessive overall reflux.
  • Proximal and pharyngeal reflux events are increasingly implicated.

Conclusions:

  • GORD diagnosis and management in chronic cough require consideration of reflux event characteristics.
  • Impedance monitoring offers a comprehensive assessment of reflux contributing to cough.
  • Further research into reflux mechanisms, including micro-aspiration, is warranted.