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Urinary Bladder

Urinary Bladder

The urinary bladder is a hollow, muscular sac that temporarily stores urine before it is expelled from the body. It can hold approximately 600 mL of urine prior to micturition. The bladder is retroperitoneal and located behind the pubic symphysis in the pelvic floor.
In males, the bladder is situated in front of the rectum, while in females, it is positioned anterior to the vagina and uterus. The bladder floor contains an inverted triangular area called the trigone, defined by the two ureteric...

Disorders of the Urinary System

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The urinary system is responsible for eliminating waste and excess fluids from the body. However, disorders of the urinary system can arise due to various reasons like infections, stress, age, congenital abnormalities, and lifestyle.
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Muscles of the Pelvic Floor and Perineum

Muscles of the Pelvic Floor and Perineum

The muscles of the pelvic floor and perineum are crucial for supporting the pelvic organs, controlling continence, and aiding in sexual function, childbirth, and core stability. They are typically divided into the superficial perineal layer and the deep pelvic floor layer.
Perineal Layer
The perineum is a diamond-shaped area below the pelvic diaphragm, divided into an anterior urogenital triangle that contains the external genitals and a posterior anal triangle housing the anus. The urogenital...

Anatomy of the Genitourinary System II: Bladder and Urethra

Anatomy of the Genitourinary System II: Bladder and Urethra

The lower urinary system consists of the urinary bladder and urethra, which are essential in storing and expelling urine from the body. Together with the internal and external sphincters, these structures work together to regulate urination effectively.Anatomy of the BladderThe urinary bladder is a muscular, stretchable organ behind the pubic bone and in front of the rectum. In females, the bladder is positioned anterior to the vagina and inferior to the uterus, while in males, it is located...

Nursing Assessment of the Genitourinary System II: Inspection and Palpation

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The nursing assessment of the genitourinary (GU) system involves a systematic inspection and palpation to identify abnormalities in the kidneys, bladder, and surrounding structures.InspectionMouth: Inspect for signs of kidney dysfunction, such as stomatitis (inflammation of the mouth) and ammonia breath, which may occur in advanced kidney disease due to the buildup of urea, breaking down into ammonia.Skin: Check for pallor, which could indicate anemia caused by kidney disease. Look for...

Microbiota of the Urogenital Tract

Microbiota of the Urogenital Tract

The human urogenital system, once thought to be sterile in healthy individuals, is now recognized as a complex microbial habitat. Advancements in molecular sequencing techniques have revealed that even in healthy adults, the kidneys and bladder harbor microbial populations similar to those found in the distal urethra, albeit in much lower abundance. These resident microorganisms, while generally innocuous, can become opportunistic pathogens under conditions that alter the urogenital...

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Updated: Jun 17, 2026

Anogenital Distance and Perineal Measurements of the Pelvic Organ Prolapse (POP) Quantification System

Anogenital Distance and Perineal Measurements of the Pelvic Organ Prolapse (POP) Quantification System

Published on: September 20, 2018

Pelvic organ prolapse and overactive bladder.

T A de Boer¹, S Salvatore, L Cardozo

¹Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.

Neurourology and Urodynamics

|December 22, 2009

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Overactive bladder (OAB) symptoms are more common in women with pelvic organ prolapse (POP). Treatments for POP improve OAB symptoms, suggesting a causal link between these conditions.

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Anogenital Distance and Perineal Measurements of the Pelvic Organ Prolapse (POP) Quantification System

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Published on: October 25, 2024

Area of Science:

Urogynecology
Pelvic Floor Disorders
Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms

Background:

Overactive bladder (OAB) and detrusor overactivity (DO) are common conditions.
Pelvic organ prolapse (POP) affects a significant number of women.
The relationship between OAB/DO and POP requires further elucidation.

Purpose of the Study:

To review the prevalence of OAB symptoms and DO in women with POP compared to those without.
To investigate if OAB symptoms correlate with prolapse type or stage.
To explore the pathophysiology of OAB in POP and its changes after treatment.

Main Methods:

Systematic literature search of Medline and Embase databases.
Inclusion of studies with available data on OAB symptoms.
Exclusion of data from concomitant stress urinary incontinence surgery.

Main Results:

Higher prevalence of OAB symptoms in women with POP compared to controls.
No significant association found between OAB symptoms and prolapse compartment or stage.
POP treatments (surgery, pessaries) led to OAB symptom improvement.
Bladder outlet obstruction is a likely mechanism linking POP to OAB.

Conclusions:

A causal relationship between OAB and POP is strongly indicated.
POP treatment can improve OAB symptoms, but predictors for symptom resolution are unclear.
DO may resolve in some patients after POP surgery.