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Related Concept Videos

Dielectric Polarization in a Capacitor01:31

Dielectric Polarization in a Capacitor

The presence of a dielectric medium in a capacitor not only changes the voltage and capacitance but also affects the electric field. In general, dielectrics can be of two types: polar and nonpolar. In a polar dielectric, the positive and negative charges in the molecules are separated by a distance and hence have a permanent dipole moment. In contrast, no such charge separation exists in a nonpolar dielectric, however the nonpolar molecules get polarized in the presence of an external electric...
Susceptibility, Permittivity and Dielectric Constant01:26

Susceptibility, Permittivity and Dielectric Constant

When placed in an external electric field, a dielectric material gets polarized. The charge density in the dielectric material is given by the sum of the bound and free charge densities, while the total charge density can also be written in terms of the total electric field. The bound charge density can be measured in terms of polarization, leading to the relationship between electric displacement and polarization.
Capacitor With A Dielectric01:18

Capacitor With A Dielectric

Parallel plate capacitors consist of two conducting plates separated by a certain distance. However, it is mechanically difficult to hold the large plates parallel to each other without actual contact. Hence, a dielectric layer is commonly placed between the plates, which provides an easy solution for holding the plates together with a small gap and increases the capacitance of the capacitor.
Dielectrics are non-conducting materials with no free or loosely bound electrons. When a dielectric is...
Electrostatic Boundary Conditions in Dielectrics01:27

Electrostatic Boundary Conditions in Dielectrics

When an electric field passes from one homogeneous medium to another, crossing the boundary between the two mediums imparts a discontinuity in the electric field. This results in electrostatic boundary conditions that depend on the type of mediums the field propagates through.
Consider a case where both the mediums across a boundary are two different dielectric materials. Recall that the electric field and electric displacement are proportional and related through the material's permittivity.
Potential Due to a Polarized Object01:29

Potential Due to a Polarized Object

A neutral atom consists of a positively charged nucleus surrounded by a negatively charged electron cloud. When placed in an external electric field, the external electric force pulls the electrons and nucleus apart, opposite to the intrinsic attraction between the nucleus and the electrons. The opposing forces balance each other with a slight shift between the center of masses of the nucleus and the electron cloud, resulting in a polarized atom. On the other hand, a few molecules, like water,...
Electromagnetic Waves in Matter01:30

Electromagnetic Waves in Matter

Electromagnetic waves can travel in the vacuum as well as in matter. For example light, which is an electromagnetic wave, can travel through air, water, or glass.
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The Preparation of Electrohydrodynamic Bridges from Polar Dielectric Liquids
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Published on: September 30, 2014

A single molecule as a dielectric medium.

A Mandal1, K L C Hunt

  • 1Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA.

The Journal of Chemical Physics
|December 23, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Quantum perturbation theory reveals that molecular interactions fit a dielectric model with nonlocal electronic screening for molecules with weak charge overlap. This nonlocal dielectric theory accurately describes molecular-level interactions under specific conditions.

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Area of Science:

  • Computational Chemistry
  • Quantum Mechanics
  • Molecular Interactions

Background:

  • Understanding molecular interactions is crucial in chemistry.
  • Existing models often simplify electronic screening effects.
  • Accurate modeling of three-body interactions requires advanced theoretical frameworks.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To prove that three-body interaction energy fits a dielectric model with nonlocal electronic screening.
  • To demonstrate the applicability of nonlocal dielectric theory at the molecular level.
  • To analyze the influence of intramolecular dielectric screening on nuclear forces.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing quantum perturbation theory to calculate three-body interaction energy.
  • Applying a dielectric model with a nonlocal electronic screening function.
  • Considering charge redistribution in molecules induced by external perturbations.
  • Working within the Born-Oppenheimer approximation.

Main Results:

  • The three-body interaction energy aligns with a dielectric model featuring nonlocal electronic screening.
  • The nonlocal dielectric function depends parametrically on nuclear coordinates.
  • Intramolecular dielectric screening affects forces on nuclei within a molecule.
  • Screening effects from other molecules are both linear and nonlinear.

Conclusions:

  • Nonlocal dielectric theory is validated for molecular-level interactions when electronic charge distributions have weak overlap.
  • The study provides a theoretical basis for understanding complex molecular interactions.
  • The findings have implications for computational chemistry and materials science.