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Self-deception as self-signalling: a model and experimental evidence.

Danica Mijović-Prelec1, Drazen Prelec

  • 1Sloan School of Management and Neuroeconomics Center, MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. mijovic@mit.edu

Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological Sciences
|December 23, 2009
PubMed
Summary

This study models self-deception using game theory, proposing two mechanisms for belief expression. Financial incentives reliably elicit self-deceptive judgments, with benefits peaking at moderate levels.

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Area of Science:

  • Psychology
  • Evolutionary Biology
  • Philosophy

Background:

  • Self-deception is a controversial concept debated across multiple disciplines.
  • Two main views exist: motivationally biased judgment versus active information manipulation within the self.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To present a game-theoretic model of self-deception.
  • To explore the mechanisms underlying self-deception and its different modes.
  • To experimentally investigate the elicitation and characteristics of self-deceptive judgments.

Main Methods:

  • Developed a game-theoretic model based on the Bodner and Prelec self-signalling model.
  • Proposed two collaborative mechanisms: action selection and interpretive inference.
  • Conducted an experimental study using a categorization task with financial incentives.

Main Results:

  • Self-deceptive judgments were reliably elicited by financial incentives.
  • The degree of self-deception correlated with incentive levels.
  • Evidence for two distinct modes of self-deception was found.
  • Psychological benefits, measured by confidence, peaked at moderate levels of self-deception.

Conclusions:

  • The game-theoretic model provides a framework for understanding self-deception mechanisms.
  • Experimental findings support the model's predictions regarding elicitation and incentives.
  • Self-deception exhibits distinct modes and has non-linear psychological benefits.