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Related Concept Videos

Overview of Exosomes01:36

Overview of Exosomes

Exosomes are stable, lipid bilayer-enclosed vesicles capable of crossing biological barriers. They can carry a wide range of molecules required for intercellular communication. Once exosomes are released from the cell where they originated, they enter a recipient cell through various pathways such as fusion, receptor-mediated endocytosis, macropinocytosis, and phagocytosis.
Stahl et al. discovered exosomes in 1983, but the exosomes were initially considered waste products released from the...
Rab Cascades01:25

Rab Cascades

Rab GTPases act in a regulated cascade during membrane fusion, helping the lipid bilayers mix. The Rab family of proteins are active when bound to GTP, and inactive when bound to GDP. Hence, they act as guanine nucleotide-dependent molecular switches. Rab-GTP recognizes and binds to long or short-range tethering proteins to capture the target vesicle. These tethers coordinate with SNAREs on the vesicle and the target membrane to assemble the trans SNARE complex that locks the mixing bilayers.
Rab Proteins01:14

Rab Proteins

Rab proteins constitute the largest family of monomeric GTPases, of which 70 members are present in humans. Rab proteins and their effectors regulate consecutive stages of vesicle transport such as vesicle transport, docking, and fusion to the correct recipient membrane.
Rab proteins switch between a cytosolic, GDP-bound inactive state and a membrane-anchored, GTP-bound active state. By themselves, Rabs show slow rates of GDP/GTP exchange and GTP hydrolysis. Thus, Rab proteins are considered...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 17, 2026

Isolation and Characterization of RNA-Containing Exosomes
09:43

Isolation and Characterization of RNA-Containing Exosomes

Published on: January 9, 2012

Two Rabs for exosome release.

Suzanne R Pfeffer

    Nature Cell Biology
    |December 23, 2009
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Exosomes, crucial for cell communication, are released via a process involving Rab27A/B GTPases. These GTPases and their effectors are essential for the physiological release of exosomes in specific cell types.

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    Purification and microRNA Profiling of Exosomes Derived from Blood and Culture Media

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    Related Experiment Videos

    Last Updated: Jun 17, 2026

    Isolation and Characterization of RNA-Containing Exosomes
    09:43

    Isolation and Characterization of RNA-Containing Exosomes

    Published on: January 9, 2012

    Isolation and Characterization of Exosomes Derived from Mouse Spleen Tissues
    05:27

    Isolation and Characterization of Exosomes Derived from Mouse Spleen Tissues

    Published on: September 20, 2024

    Purification and microRNA Profiling of Exosomes Derived from Blood and Culture Media
    10:45

    Purification and microRNA Profiling of Exosomes Derived from Blood and Culture Media

    Published on: June 14, 2013

    Area of Science:

    • Cell Biology
    • Molecular Biology
    • Immunology

    Background:

    • Exosomes are vital endosome-derived vesicles mediating intercellular communication.
    • Their release is critical for physiological processes, particularly in the immune system.

    Discussion:

    • Rab27A and Rab27B GTPases, along with specific effector proteins, are implicated in exosome release.
    • These molecular players appear necessary for the controlled secretion of exosomes.

    Key Insights:

    • The study highlights the essential role of Rab27A/B GTPases in exosome biogenesis and release.
    • Identifies key molecular machinery governing the physiological release of these important vesicles.

    Outlook:

    • Further research can explore therapeutic strategies targeting exosome release pathways.
    • Understanding these mechanisms could advance treatments for immune disorders and other diseases.