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Related Concept Videos

Vision01:24

Vision

Vision is the result of light being detected and transduced into neural signals by the retina of the eye. This information is then further analyzed and interpreted by the brain. First, light enters the front of the eye and is focused by the cornea and lens onto the retina—a thin sheet of neural tissue lining the back of the eye. Because of refraction through the convex lens of the eye, images are projected onto the retina upside-down and reversed.
Visual Agnosia01:12

Visual Agnosia

Visual agnosia is a condition characterized by the inability to recognize visually presented objects despite having normal vision. For instance, a person with visual agnosia can describe the shape and color of an object but cannot identify or name it. This impairment does not affect their visual field, acuity, color vision, brightness discrimination, language, or memory. An example of this condition in a social setting is someone at a dinner party asking for "that silver thing with a round end"...
Gestalt Principles of Perception01:21

Gestalt Principles of Perception

Gestalt principles provide a framework for understanding how humans perceive objects as unified wholes within their context. These principles are essential in explaining the cognitive processes that make sense of complex visual stimuli by organizing them into coherent groups. One fundamental principle is proximity, which posits that objects located close to each other are perceived as a collective group. For instance, when dots are positioned near one another, the visual system interprets them...
Motor and Sensory Areas of the Cortex01:14

Motor and Sensory Areas of the Cortex

The cerebral cortex, the brain's outermost layer, is pivotal in processing complex cognitive tasks, emotions, and various sensory inputs and executing voluntary motor activities. This intricate structure is divided into three primary functional areas: the motor areas, sensory areas, and association areas.
Motor Areas
The motor areas located in the frontal lobe are central to controlling voluntary movements. This region is further subdivided into the primary motor cortex and the premotor cortex.
Visual System01:26

Visual System

Light enters the eye through the cornea, a transparent, dome-shaped surface covering the surface of the eyeball that helps to direct and focus incoming light. This light is then channeled toward the pupil, an adjustable opening whose size is controlled by the iris. The iris, a pigmented muscle, regulates the amount of light entering the eye by contracting or dilating the pupil, thereby ensuring optimal light levels for clear vision.
Once through the pupil, the light passes through the lens, a...
Association Areas of the Cortex01:21

Association Areas of the Cortex

Association areas are regions of the cerebral cortex that do not have a specific sensory or motor function. Instead, they integrate and interpret information from various sources to enable higher cognitive processes such as memory, learning, and decision-making. Some key association areas include the following:
Prefrontal Association Area: This area is located in the frontal lobe and is involved in planning, decision-making, and moderating social behavior. It connects with primary motor areas,...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 17, 2026

Creating Objects and Object Categories for Studying Perception and Perceptual Learning
14:38

Creating Objects and Object Categories for Studying Perception and Perceptual Learning

Published on: November 2, 2012

Beyond shape: how you learn about objects affects how they are represented in visual cortex.

Alan C-N Wong1, Thomas J Palmeri, Baxter P Rogers

  • 1Department of Psychology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong. alanwong@psy.cuhk.edu.hk

Plos One
|December 23, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The type of visual experience shapes object representations in the brain. Different training methods lead to distinct changes in the visual cortex, influencing how we perceive objects.

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Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 17, 2026

Creating Objects and Object Categories for Studying Perception and Perceptual Learning
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Creating Objects and Object Categories for Studying Perception and Perceptual Learning

Published on: November 2, 2012

Investigating the Effect of Visual Imagery and Learning Shape-Audio Regularities on Bouba and Kiki
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Investigating Object Representations in the Macaque Dorsal Visual Stream Using Single-unit Recordings

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Visual Perception

Background:

  • The brain's visual cortex adapts its object representations based on experience.
  • The specific impact of different types of visual experience on these representations remains unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate whether the nature of visual experience systematically alters object representations in the visual cortex.
  • To contrast neural changes resulting from different perceptual expertise training regimens.

Main Methods:

  • Two groups trained on novel objects ('Ziggerins') using distinct regimens: subordinate-level individuation vs. basic-level categorization.
  • Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) used to measure brain activity changes.

Main Results:

  • Individuation training led to increased fMRI activity in the right fusiform gyrus, correlating with configural processing.
  • Categorization training resulted in distributed changes in the ventral occipito-temporal cortex, with medial areas showing increased activity.

Conclusions:

  • The kind of experience with objects significantly influences their neural representation in the visual cortex.
  • Prior learning experience is a key factor in organizing activity patterns within the visual cortex.