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Updated: Jun 17, 2026

Vegetated Treatment Systems for Removing Contaminants Associated with Surface Water Toxicity in Agriculture and Urban Runoff
Published on: May 15, 2017
Ecological control of fecal indicator bacteria in an urban stream
Cristiane Q Surbeck1, Sunny C Jiang, Stanley B Grant
1Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Henry Samueli School of Engineering, University of California, Irvine, 92697-7070, USA.
Abstract:
Fecal indicator bacteria (FIB) have long been used as a marker of fecal pollution in surface waters subject to point source and non-point source discharges of treated or untreated human waste. In this paper, we set out to determine the source(s) of elevated FIB concentrations in Cucamonga Creek, a concrete-lined urban stream in southern California. Flow in the creek consists primarily of treated and disinfected wastewater effluent, mixed with relatively smaller but variable flow of runoff from the surrounding urban landscape. Dry and wet weather runoff contributes nearly 100% of FIB loading to Cucamonga Creek, while treated wastewater contributes significant loading of nutrients, including dissolved organic carbon (DOC), phosphorus, nitrate, and ammonium. FIB concentrations are strongly positively correlated with DOC concentration in runoff (Spearman's rho >or= 0.66, P
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