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Manipulation of Ploidy in Caenorhabditis elegans
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Manipulation of Ploidy in Caenorhabditis elegans

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Making a functional diploid: from polysomic to disomic inheritance

S C Le Comber1, M L Ainouche, A Kovarik

  • 1Queen Mary University of London, School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, London E1 4NS, UK.

The New Phytologist
|December 24, 2009
PubMed

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Crossing over is the exchange of genetic information between homologous chromosomes during prophase I of meiosis I. Genetic recombination gives rise to allelic diversity in the newly formed daughter cells. In humans, crossing over produces genetically distinct haploid egg and sperm cells that undergo fertilization to produce unique offspring. Before cell division starts, the germ cell’s chromosome(s) undergo duplication in the S phase of the cell cycle. As the cells enter prophase I, duplicated...
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During meiosis, chromosomes occasionally separate improperly. This occurs due to failure of homologous chromosome separation during meiosis I or failed sister chromatid separation during meiosis II. In some species, notably plants, nondisjunction can result in an organism with an entire additional set of chromosomes, which is called polyploidy. In humans, nondisjunction can occur during male or female gametogenesis and the resulting gametes possess one too many or one too few chromosomes.
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