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Related Concept Videos

Multiple Sclerosis l: Introduction01:19

Multiple Sclerosis l: Introduction

Multiple sclerosis is a chronic autoimmune disease of the central nervous system (CNS) that affects the brain, spinal cord, and optic nerves. It is an inflammatory demyelinating disorder and a leading cause of neurological disability in young adults.EpidemiologyMS commonly begins between 20 and 40 years of age and is twice as common in women. Its exact cause remains unclear, but genetic susceptibility contributes, with higher risk in first-degree relatives and identical twins. A greater...
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Diabetic Neuropathy

DefinitionDiabetic neuropathy is nerve damage caused by long-standing diabetes mellitus. It results directly from prolonged high blood sugar levels.PathophysiologyThe pathophysiology of diabetic neuropathy involves both metabolic and vascular disturbances triggered by chronic hyperglycemia.Metabolic injury: Elevated glucose levels activate the polyol pathway within nerve cells, leading to the accumulation of sorbitol and fructose. This increases oxidative stress, disrupts normal nerve...
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The disease process of myasthenia gravis begins at the neuromuscular junction, where antibodies attack key proteins needed for muscle activation. This immune reaction weakens signal transmission, leading to the characteristic muscle fatigue and weakness that define the condition.Immune-Mediated DamageIn most individuals, antibodies target acetylcholine receptors (AChRs) on the postsynaptic membrane of muscle cells. By blocking acetylcholine binding, these antibodies prevent the nerve signal...
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Myasthenia Gravis: Overview and Treatment

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Autoimmune Disorders01:29

Autoimmune Disorders

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 17, 2026

Determining Immune System Suppression versus CNS Protection for Pharmacological Interventions in Autoimmune Demyelination
09:38

Determining Immune System Suppression versus CNS Protection for Pharmacological Interventions in Autoimmune Demyelination

Published on: September 12, 2016

[Immune-mediated neuropathies].

Susumu Kusunoki1

  • 1Department of Neurology, Kinki University School of Medicine.

Rinsho Shinkeigaku = Clinical Neurology
|December 25, 2009
PubMed
Summary

Rituximab shows promise for treating intractable IgM paraproteinemic neuropathy. Further research is needed to confirm its efficacy in Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) and chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIDP) cases.

Area of Science:

  • Neuroimmunology
  • Autoimmune neuropathies

Context:

  • Autoimmune mechanisms drive neuropathies like Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS), chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIDP), and IgM paraproteinemic neuropathy.
  • IgM paraproteinemic neuropathies are often treatment-resistant.

Purpose:

  • To review the efficacy of rituximab in IgM paraproteinemic neuropathy and explore its potential in other autoimmune neuropathies.
  • To discuss the role of anti-ganglioside antibodies in Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) diagnosis and prognosis.

Summary:

  • Rituximab demonstrated effectiveness in a trial for IgM paraproteinemic neuropathy with anti-MAG IgM M-protein.
  • Larger trials are warranted to confirm rituximab's benefits.
  • Anti-ganglioside IgG antibodies, particularly those targeting ganglioside complexes like anti-GD1a/GD1b and anti-GM1/GalNAc-GD1a, are associated with specific GBS subtypes and severity.

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A Simple Approach to Induce Experimental Autoimmune Neuritis in C57BL/6 Mice for Functional and Neuropathological Assessments
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A Simple Approach to Induce Experimental Autoimmune Neuritis in C57BL/6 Mice for Functional and Neuropathological Assessments

Published on: November 9, 2017

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 17, 2026

Determining Immune System Suppression versus CNS Protection for Pharmacological Interventions in Autoimmune Demyelination
09:38

Determining Immune System Suppression versus CNS Protection for Pharmacological Interventions in Autoimmune Demyelination

Published on: September 12, 2016

A Simple Approach to Induce Experimental Autoimmune Neuritis in C57BL/6 Mice for Functional and Neuropathological Assessments
07:30

A Simple Approach to Induce Experimental Autoimmune Neuritis in C57BL/6 Mice for Functional and Neuropathological Assessments

Published on: November 9, 2017

Impact:

  • Rituximab may offer a new therapeutic option for intractable IgM paraproteinemic neuropathy and potentially for refractory CIDP.
  • Anti-ganglioside complex antibodies could serve as valuable diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers for GBS.
  • Understanding these antibody targets may elucidate pathogenic mechanisms in autoimmune neuropathies.