Autonomous motion of vesicle via ion exchange

The autonomous motion of vesicle is observed in a simple chemical system. A vesicle composed of didodecyldimethylammonium bromide DDAB breaks down by ion exchange from Br(-) to I(-). When an electrolyte is supplied to vesicles, some of them begin to move after an induction period. They continue to move, leaving behind the reaction products on the trail. The ion exchange decreases the vesicle size, and smaller vesicles remain after the motion. We examine the characteristics of this motion. The surface tension of the DDAB-containing aqueous phase depends on the KI concentration. Considering this result carefully, we conclude that vesicles can move when the ion exchange from Br(-) to I(-) proceeds irreversibly. Then, inhomogeneity in the vesicle membrane develops because of the coagulating nature of the product, didodecyldimethylammonium iodide (DDAI), which is sparingly soluble in water. Inhomogeneous properties of vesicle membranes are then generated, which induce surface transport of the reaction product and flow in the water pool. As a result, a couple of convection rolls appear in the water pool of the vesicle. The convection rolls drive vesicle motion. A simple model for the semiquantitative description is proposed.