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Related Concept Videos

Fixed Action Patterns01:06

Fixed Action Patterns

A fixed action pattern (FAP) is a specific, hard-wired sequence of behaviors that occurs in response to an external stimulus, called a sign stimulus. The behavior is “fixed” because it is essentially unchangeable—proceeding similarly across individuals of a species every time it occurs.

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Boldness, Aggression, and Shoaling Assays for Zebrafish Behavioral Syndromes
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Attack upon a bather by a swordfish: a case report.

Vidal Haddad1, José Lima de Figueiredo

  • 1Department of Dermatology and Radiotherapy, São Paulo State University, Caixa Postal 557, Botucatu, São Paulo 18618-000, Brazil. haddadjr@fmb.unesp.br

Wilderness & Environmental Medicine
|December 25, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

A swordfish attacked a swimmer in Brazil, causing knee injuries and leaving part of its bill embedded. The patient recovered fully with conservative treatment, highlighting unusual marine animal encounters.

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Area of Science:

  • Marine biology
  • Traumatology
  • Ichthyology

Background:

  • Marine animal attacks are rare but can result in significant injuries.
  • Understanding the circumstances of such encounters is crucial for prevention and treatment.

Observation:

  • A bather in shallow waters off southern Brazil was injured by a swordfish.
  • The injury involved multiple puncture wounds to the left knee, with a retained foreign body (swordfish bill tip).

Findings:

  • The victim sustained a deep puncture wound and retained bill fragment.
  • Field management and conservative care led to a complete recovery.

Implications:

  • This case highlights the potential for aggressive defensive behavior in swordfish.
  • It underscores the importance of prompt medical evaluation and management for marine-related injuries.
  • Further research into swordfish behavior in nearshore environments may be warranted.