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Related Concept Videos

Goiter01:27

Goiter

Goiter refers to an abnormal enlargement of the thyroid gland that may appear as a diffuse goiter (uniform enlargement) or nodular (single or multiple nodules). Functionally, it is classified as nontoxic (normal/low hormone levels) or toxic (excess hormone production).PathophysiologyDiffuse thyroid enlargement typically results from prolonged stimulation by thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) or TSH-like agents, commonly seen in hypothyroidism or iodine deficiency. In contrast, in hyperthyroid...
Hyperthyroidism II: Pathophysiology01:27

Hyperthyroidism II: Pathophysiology

Hyperthyroidism is a hypermetabolic state caused by elevated levels of thyroid hormones, triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4). It results from dysregulation at the thyroid, pituitary, or immune system level and affects multiple organ systems.PathophysiologyThe most common cause of hyperthyroidism is Graves’ disease, an autoimmune disorder in which antibodies, specifically thyroid-stimulating antibodies (TSAb), a subtype of TSH receptor antibodies (TRAb), bind to and activate TSH receptors...
Hyperthyroidism I: Introduction01:25

Hyperthyroidism I: Introduction

Hyperthyroidism is a type of thyrotoxicosis characterized by the thyroid gland's overproduction of the thyroid hormones triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4). This hormone excess increases the basal metabolic rate and enhances sensitivity to catecholamines.DiagnosisDiagnosis is based on clinical features and biochemical testing. It typically shows suppressed thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels below 0.4 mIU/L, with elevated free T3 and/or T4. Additional tests, including thyroid...
Graves Disease II: Pathophysiology01:24

Graves Disease II: Pathophysiology

Graves’ disease is an autoimmune disorder characterized by the production of thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulins (TSI) that activate TSH receptors, leading to excessive synthesis and release of thyroid hormones (T3 and T4) and resulting in hyperthyroidism.Among all causes of hyperthyroidism, Graves’ disease is the most common and can happen at any age, though it is more frequent in women. It produces a hypermetabolic state with features such as weight loss, tachycardia, tremor, and heat...
The Thyroid Gland01:23

The Thyroid Gland

The thyroid gland is a small, butterfly-shaped gland located in the neck and covers the anterior surface of the trachea. The gland has two lateral lobes connected by a thin tissue mass called the isthmus. Internally, each lobe comprises many small spherical structures known as thyroid follicles, surrounded by a network of blood vessels.
The follicles have a central cavity lined by simple cuboidal to squamous epithelial cells called follicular cells. These cells produce the glycoprotein...
Graves' Disease I: Introduction01:28

Graves' Disease I: Introduction

Graves' disease is an autoimmune disorder that causes hyperthyroidism, or overactivity of the thyroid gland. It results from autoantibodies called thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulins (TSIs), which bind to thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) receptors, leading to overstimulation of hormone production and a hypermetabolic state.EtiologyAlthough considered idiopathic, Graves’ disease has well-established contributing factors. There is a strong genetic component, with increased prevalence in...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 17, 2026

Transoral Robotic Total Thyroidectomy and Bilateral Central Regional Lymph Node Dissection for Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma
04:01

Transoral Robotic Total Thyroidectomy and Bilateral Central Regional Lymph Node Dissection for Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma

Published on: September 15, 2023

[Total thyroidectomy in benign thyroid diseases].

Bayram Veyseller1, Fadlullah Aksoy, Hasan Demirhan

  • 1Department of Otolaryngology, Haseki Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey. bayveyseller@hotmail.com

Kulak Burun Bogaz Ihtisas Dergisi : KBB = Journal of Ear, Nose, and Throat
|December 25, 2009
PubMed
Summary

Total thyroidectomy for benign thyroid disease is a safe procedure with low complication rates, including permanent recurrent laryngeal nerve palsy (0.6%) and hypoparathyroidism (1.86%). This surgery is an acceptable alternative for goiters.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 17, 2026

Transoral Robotic Total Thyroidectomy and Bilateral Central Regional Lymph Node Dissection for Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma
04:01

Transoral Robotic Total Thyroidectomy and Bilateral Central Regional Lymph Node Dissection for Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma

Published on: September 15, 2023

Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Surgical Oncology
  • General Surgery

Context:

  • Benign thyroid disease management often requires surgical intervention.
  • Total thyroidectomy is a common surgical procedure for various benign thyroid conditions.
  • Assessing the safety and complication rates of total thyroidectomy is crucial for patient care.

Purpose:

  • To evaluate the safety and complication incidence of total thyroidectomy in patients with benign thyroid disease.
  • To determine the rates of permanent recurrent laryngeal nerve palsy, permanent hypoparathyroidism, and postoperative hemorrhage.
  • To assess the long-term outcomes and recurrence rates following total thyroidectomy for benign conditions.

Summary:

  • A retrospective study analyzed 323 patients undergoing total thyroidectomy for benign thyroid disease between 2002 and 2008.
  • Indications included multinodular goiter (87.6%), toxic goiter (5.3%), and thyroiditis (7.1%).
  • Low complication rates were observed: 0.6% permanent recurrent laryngeal nerve palsy, 1.86% permanent hypoparathyroidism, and 0.6% requiring surgery for hemorrhage. No recurrences were noted.

Impact:

  • Total thyroidectomy demonstrates a favorable safety profile for benign thyroid disease.
  • The findings support total thyroidectomy as a viable surgical option for benign multinodular and diffuse goiters.
  • Low complication rates contribute to improved patient outcomes and quality of life.