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Hepatitis01:25

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Hepatitis is an inflammatory condition of the liver most commonly caused by hepatotropic viruses (A–E), though non-infectious causes such as alcohol and drugs also exist.Hepatitis AHepatitis A virus (HAV) is a non-enveloped RNA virus of the Picornaviridae family. It is primarily transmitted via the fecal-oral route, typically through ingestion of contaminated food or water. After ingestion, HAV enters the bloodstream through the oropharynx or intestinal epithelium and reaches the liver. The...
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Viral hepatitis is an inflammatory condition of the liver caused by infection with hepatotropic viruses, most commonly hepatitis A, B, C, D, and E. Despite variations in structure and transmission, all viruses mentioned infect hepatocytes and provoke immune responses that can hinder liver function. Additionally, some non-hepatotropic viruses can also lead to hepatic inflammation.Hepatitis A VirusHepatitis A virus (HAV) is transmitted through the fecal–oral route, typically by ingestion of food...
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Yellow fever is a viral hemorrhagic disease caused by the yellow fever virus (YFV), a member of the Flaviviridae family. It is transmitted primarily by Aedes and Haemagogus mosquitoes in tropical and subtropical regions of Africa and South America. After transmission through a mosquito bite, the virus initially replicates in skin-resident immune cells such as dendritic cells and macrophages. These cells then migrate to the lymph nodes, where viral replication increases, eventually leading to...
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Multistate foodborne outbreaks pose significant public health risks and require meticulous investigation to identify sources and implement control measures. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) utilizes a dynamic seven-step process for these investigations, integrating data from laboratories, interviews, and environmental assessments to protect public health.Outbreak Detection: The detection of multistate outbreaks typically begins with PulseNet, the CDC's national laboratory...
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Infectious diseases appear in populations through various transmission patterns, influenced by pathogen characteristics, population immunity, environmental conditions, and social behavior. Understanding these patterns is essential for effective public health surveillance and intervention. These categories—sporadic, outbreak, epidemic, pandemic, and endemic—help frame the nature and scope of disease events.Sporadic diseases occur irregularly and infrequently, without a predictable temporal or...
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Updated: Jun 17, 2026

A Cell Culture Model for Producing High Titer Hepatitis E Virus Stocks
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A Cell Culture Model for Producing High Titer Hepatitis E Virus Stocks

Published on: June 26, 2020

Hepatitis E epidemic, Uganda.

Eyasu H Teshale1, Christopher M Howard, Scott P Grytdal

  • 1Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Rd NE, Mailstop G37, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA. eht4@cdc.gov

Emerging Infectious Diseases
|December 25, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

A large hepatitis E epidemic began in Uganda in 2007, becoming one of the world's biggest. By 2009, it infected over 10,000 people and caused 160 deaths.

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Area of Science:

  • Epidemiology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Public Health

Background:

  • An unprecedented epidemic of hepatitis E (HE) emerged in Kitgum District, northern Uganda, in October 2007.
  • This region had no prior documented history of HE epidemics, highlighting the novelty and scale of the event.
  • The outbreak rapidly escalated, becoming one of the most significant HE epidemics globally.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To document the emergence and scale of the hepatitis E epidemic in Kitgum District, Uganda.
  • To analyze the initial impact of the outbreak in terms of morbidity and mortality.
  • To provide baseline data for understanding large-scale hepatitis E outbreaks in previously unaffected areas.

Main Methods:

  • Surveillance data collection from affected populations in Kitgum District.
  • Case ascertainment and reporting of illness and deaths related to hepatitis E.
  • Epidemiological analysis of outbreak trends from October 2007 to June 2009.

Main Results:

  • The hepatitis E epidemic affected over 10,196 individuals by June 2009.
  • A total of 160 deaths were attributed to the epidemic during the study period.
  • The outbreak represented a major public health crisis in northern Uganda.

Conclusions:

  • The 2007 Kitgum District hepatitis E outbreak was a massive epidemic with significant mortality.
  • The findings underscore the potential for widespread HE transmission in vulnerable populations.
  • Further research is needed to understand the drivers and long-term implications of such large-scale outbreaks.