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Related Concept Videos

Transcriptional Regulation: Riboswitches01:23

Transcriptional Regulation: Riboswitches

Riboswitches are RNA elements that regulate gene expression by altering their secondary structures in response to specific effector molecules. These elements, located in the leader regions of certain mRNAs, act as transcriptional regulators by toggling between alternative conformations to control downstream gene expression. Riboswitch-mediated regulation is a precise mechanism for modulating biosynthetic pathways, as exemplified by the riboflavin biosynthesis pathway in Bacillus...
Translational Regulation01:29

Translational Regulation

Translational regulation in prokaryotes ensures efficient protein synthesis by controlling ribosome access to mRNA. This regulation is mediated by secondary RNA structures, including translational riboswitches, RNA thermometers, and small RNAs (sRNAs), which respond to intracellular and environmental signals to modulate gene expression.Translational RiboswitchesRiboswitches in the leader region of mRNAs can regulate translation by altering the accessibility of the Shine-Dalgarno (SD) sequence,...
RNA Interference01:23

RNA Interference

RNA interference (RNAi) is a process in which a small non-coding RNA molecule blocks the post-transcriptional expression of a gene by binding to its messenger RNA (mRNA) and preventing the protein from being translated.
This process occurs naturally in cells, often through the activity of genomically-encoded microRNAs. Researchers can take advantage of this mechanism by introducing synthetic RNAs to deactivate specific genes for research or therapeutic purposes. For example, RNAi could be used...
piRNA - Piwi-interacting RNAs02:57

piRNA - Piwi-interacting RNAs

PIWI-interacting RNAs, or piRNAs, are the most abundant short non-coding RNAs. More than 20,000 genes have been found in humans that code for piRNAs while only 2000 genes have been found for miRNAs. piRNAs can act at the transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels and have a vital role in silencing transposable elements present in germ cells. They are also involved in epigenetic silencing and activation. Previously, they were thought to function only in germ cells but new evidence suggests...
Experimental RNAi02:15

Experimental RNAi

RNA interference (RNAi) is a cellular mechanism that inhibits gene expression by suppressing its transcription or activating the RNA degradation process. The mechanism was discovered by Andrew Fire and Craig Mello in 1998 in plants. Today, it is observed in almost all eukaryotes, including protozoa, flies, nematodes, insects, parasites, and mammals. This precise cellular mechanism of gene silencing has been developed into a technique that provides an efficient way to identify and determine the...
Riboswitches01:56

Riboswitches

Riboswitches are non-coding mRNA domains that regulate the transcription and translation of downstream genes without the help of proteins. Riboswitches bind directly to a metabolite and can form unique stem-loop or hairpin structures in response to the amount of the metabolite present. They have two distinct regions – a metabolite-binding aptamer and an expression platform.
The aptamer has high specificity for a particular metabolite which allows riboswitches to specifically regulate...

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Enhanced Northern Blot Detection of Small RNA Species in Drosophila Melanogaster
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Published on: August 21, 2014

Small RNAs in flower development.

Heike Wollmann1, Detlef Weigel

  • 1Department of Molecular Biology, Max Planck Institute for Developmental Biology, 72076 Tübingen, Germany.

European Journal of Cell Biology
|December 25, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Small RNAs, including microRNAs (miRNAs), are key regulators of gene expression in multicellular organisms. This review explores their generation, function, and critical roles in plant flower development.

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Laser-Capture Microdissection RNA-Sequencing for Spatial and Temporal Tissue-Specific Gene Expression Analysis in Plants
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Laser-Capture Microdissection RNA-Sequencing for Spatial and Temporal Tissue-Specific Gene Expression Analysis in Plants

Published on: August 5, 2020

Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Developmental Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Gene expression regulation is crucial for multicellular organism development, involving transcriptional and post-transcriptional control mechanisms.
  • Small RNAs (sRNAs) have emerged as significant regulators, influencing gene expression through sequence-specific interactions.
  • MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of sRNAs known to guide post-transcriptional gene silencing in various developmental processes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide an overview of the generation and mechanisms of action for miRNAs and other regulatory sRNAs.
  • To highlight the specific contribution of these small RNAs to plant flower formation.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review and synthesis of existing research on small RNA biology.
  • Analysis of miRNA biogenesis and regulatory pathways.
  • Examination of case studies detailing sRNA involvement in plant reproductive development.

Main Results:

  • Small RNAs, particularly miRNAs, are integral components of gene regulatory networks.
  • These molecules modulate gene expression at both transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels.
  • Evidence demonstrates a significant role for miRNAs in orchestrating the complex process of flower development in plants.

Conclusions:

  • Small RNAs are essential regulators in developmental biology, with miRNAs playing a vital role.
  • Understanding miRNA generation and function provides insights into fundamental biological processes.
  • Further research into sRNAs promises to deepen our knowledge of plant development and potentially other organisms.