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Necrotizing encephalitis in skunks caused by Herpes simplex virus.

K M Charlton, G C Dulac, F C Thomas

    Canadian Journal of Comparative Medicine : Revue Canadienne De Medecine Comparee
    |October 1, 1977
    PubMed
    Summary
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    Herpes simplex virus caused neurological disease in a wild skunk. The virus led to brain lesions and necrosis in the liver and adrenal glands of infected skunks.

    Area of Science:

    • Veterinary Neurology
    • Virology
    • Wildlife Disease

    Background:

    • Herpes simplex virus (HSV) is a common human pathogen.
    • The prevalence and impact of HSV in wildlife populations, such as skunks (Mephitis mephitis), are not well-documented.
    • Neurological disease in wild animals can have significant ecological implications.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To report the isolation of herpes simplex virus from a neurologically diseased wild skunk.
    • To describe the neuropathological findings associated with HSV infection in skunks.
    • To investigate the systemic effects of HSV infection in skunks via different inoculation routes.

    Main Methods:

    • Isolation of herpes simplex virus from the brain tissue of a symptomatic wild skunk.
    • Intracerebral and intravenous inoculation of skunks with the isolated HSV.

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  • Histopathological examination of brain, liver, and adrenal gland tissues from infected skunks.
  • Microscopic analysis for characteristic viral cytopathic effects, including intranuclear inclusions and inflammatory responses.

    • Main Results:

    • Herpes simplex virus was successfully isolated from the brain of a wild skunk exhibiting clinical neurological signs.
    • Intracerebral inoculation resulted in cerebral cortical and brain stem necrosis, with intranuclear inclusions in neurons and glial cells.
    • Intravenous inoculation led to extensive focal necrosis in the liver and adrenal glands of skunks.
    • Pathological findings included vascular cuffing by mononuclear cells and neutrophils in the brain.

    Conclusions:

    • Herpes simplex virus can cause severe neurological disease and systemic pathology in skunks.
    • The findings highlight the potential for HSV to act as a pathogen in wildlife.
    • Further research is warranted to understand the epidemiology and transmission dynamics of HSV in skunk populations.