Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 17, 2026

Using Reverse Genetics to Manipulate the NSs Gene of the Rift Valley Fever Virus MP-12 Strain to Improve Vaccine Safety and Efficacy
09:13

Using Reverse Genetics to Manipulate the NSs Gene of the Rift Valley Fever Virus MP-12 Strain to Improve Vaccine Safety and Efficacy

Published on: November 1, 2011

Autographa californica multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus ODV-E56 envelope protein is required for oral infectivity and

Robert L Harrison1, Wendy O Sparks, Bryony C Bonning

  • 1Invasive Insect Biocontrol and Behavior Laboratory, USDA Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS), Plant Sciences Institute, 10300 Baltimore Avenue, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA. Robert.L.Harrison@ars.usda.gov

The Journal of General Virology
|December 25, 2009
PubMed

Insights

The Autographa californica multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus (AcMNPV) odv-e56 gene is crucial for oral infectivity in lepidopteran hosts. Disrupting this gene significantly impairs viral infection, but restoring it fully recovers infectivity.

Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Insect Pathology
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • The Autographa californica multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus (AcMNPV) odv-e56 gene encodes an occlusion-derived virus (ODV)-specific envelope protein, ODV-E56.
  • Previous studies indicated the odv-e56 gene is under positive selection, suggesting a role in virus host range determination.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the function of the ODV-E56 protein in AcMNPV oral infectivity and host range.
  • To determine if the odv-e56 gene is a determinant of viral virulence and host specificity.

Main Methods:

  • Construction of recombinant AcMNPV clones with disrupted or replaced odv-e56 genes (Ac69GFP-e56lacZ, AcIEGFP-e56lacZ, Ac69GFP-Roe56).
  • Assessment of viral replication in cell culture, including polyhedron production and budded virus formation.
  • Oral infectivity bioassays in multiple lepidopteran host species using wild-type, mutant, and recombinant viruses.

Main Results:

  • Viruses lacking ODV-E56 (Ac69GFP-e56lacZ, AcIEGFP-e56lacZ) showed profoundly impaired oral infectivity in three lepidopteran species.
  • Oral infectivity was fully restored upon reintroduction of either AcMNPV or Rachiplusia ou multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus (RoMNPV) odv-e56 genes.
  • Replacing AcMNPV odv-e56 with the RoMNPV orthologue did not enhance virulence in two host species more susceptible to RoMNPV.

Conclusions:

  • The AcMNPV ODV-E56 protein is essential for efficient oral infectivity in lepidopteran hosts.
  • The odv-e56 gene plays a critical role in determining the oral infectivity of AcMNPV.
  • The RoMNPV odv-e56 gene orthologue does not confer increased virulence in the tested AcMNPV-susceptible hosts.

More Related Videos

Combining Analysis of DNA in a Crude Virion Extraction with the Analysis of RNA from Infected Leaves to Discover New Virus Genomes08:56

Combining Analysis of DNA in a Crude Virion Extraction with the Analysis of RNA from Infected Leaves to Discover New Virus Genomes

Published on: July 27, 2018

Isolation of Adeno-Associated Viral Vectors Through a Single-Step and Semi-Automated Heparin Affinity Chromatography Protocol09:12

Isolation of Adeno-Associated Viral Vectors Through a Single-Step and Semi-Automated Heparin Affinity Chromatography Protocol

Published on: April 5, 2024

Related Concept Videos

Retrovirus Life Cycles01:10

Retrovirus Life Cycles

Retroviruses have a single-stranded RNA genome that undergoes a special form of replication. Once the retrovirus has entered the host cell, an enzyme called reverse transcriptase synthesizes double-stranded DNA from the retroviral RNA genome. This DNA copy of the genome is then integrated into the host’s genome inside the nucleus via an enzyme called integrase. Consequently, the retroviral genome is transcribed into RNA whenever the host’s genome is transcribed, allowing the retrovirus to...
Rous Sarcoma Virus (RSV) and Cancer01:03

Rous Sarcoma Virus (RSV) and Cancer

Rous Sarcoma virus or RSV was discovered by F. Peyton Rous in the year 1911 as a filterable transmissible agent that could cause tumors in chickens. He won a Nobel Prize for this discovery in 1966. His experiments clearly demonstrated that some cancers could be caused by infectious agents and led to the discovery of many more cancer-causing viruses in animals as well as humans.
RSV is a retrovirus that contains two copies of a plus-strand  RNA genome. Its genome consists of four main open...
Rabies01:28

Rabies

Rabies is a lethal zoonotic disease caused by a single-stranded, negative-sense RNA virus of the Lyssavirus genus, within the family Rhabdoviridae. Its primary mode of transmission to humans is through bites or saliva-contaminated scratches from infected mammals such as dogs, bats, raccoons, or foxes. Transmission can also occur if infectious saliva contacts abraded skin or intact mucous membranes, including the conjunctiva.Viral Entry and Early ReplicationOnce introduced at the bite or scratch...
Respiratory Syncytial Virus Disease01:29

Respiratory Syncytial Virus Disease

Human respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a widespread pathogen that primarily targets infants and young children but also poses a serious health risk to elderly and immunocompromised individuals. Belonging to the Pneumoviridae family, RSV is a negative-sense, single-stranded RNA virus within the Pneumovirus genus. Its global health burden is significant, with millions of cases annually resulting in hospitalizations and mortality, particularly in resource-limited settings. Although most...
Poliomyelitis01:17

Poliomyelitis

Poliomyelitis is caused by poliovirus, a small, non-enveloped, positive-sense RNA virus of the Picornaviridae family and Enterovirus genus. Transmission occurs primarily via the fecal-oral route, often through ingestion of contaminated water or food. The virus initially replicates in the oropharynx and intestinal mucosa, particularly in lymphoid tissues such as the tonsils, Peyer’s patches, and regional lymph nodes. Primary viremia follows, allowing dissemination throughout the body.In most...
Viruses with RNA Genomes01:29

Viruses with RNA Genomes

RNA viruses are categorized into positive-strand, negative-strand, or double-stranded groups based on their genomic structure and replication mechanisms. This classification dictates how they exploit host cellular machinery for protein synthesis and replication. Some RNA viruses also utilize reverse transcription as part of their life cycle, further diversifying their replication strategies.Positive-Strand RNA VirusesPositive-strand RNA viruses have genomes that function directly as messenger...