[Clinical anatomy of the temporal bone: taxonomy, topography and important variations]

Detailed knowledge of the complicated anatomy and topography of the temporal bone is a crucial basis for successful ear surgery. In particular, the topographical relations to the essential neighbouring structures (e.g. intratemporal vessels and nerves, neighbouring spaces, especially the endocranium) are of vital importance. Furthermore, typical landmarks play an essential role in topographic orientation. However, this knowledge cannot be acquired from lectures or books, but can only be achieved by independently performing numerous dissections and drill exercises on the temporal bone, once a theoretical understanding of the various structures and regions has been gained on the basis of a clearly defined nomenclature. Furthermore, there are essential anatomical variations which may lead to complicated anatomical conditions. The surgeon must also be familiar with these peculiarities.