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Urinary Tract Calculi II: Pathophysiology and Clinical Manifestations

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Renal calculi, commonly termed kidney stones, are crystalline solid masses that form in the kidneys but can occur at any point within the urinary system, encompassing the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra.The pathophysiology of renal stones involves several key factors: supersaturation of the urine with stone-forming constituents, changes in urine pH, a decrease in urine volume, and the presence of substances that promote or inhibit stone formation.Supersaturation of Urine: This is the...

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Point-of-Care Kidney and Genitourinary Ultrasound in Adults: Image Acquisition

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Published on: June 21, 2024

A huge bladder calculus causing acute renal failure.

Wuran Wei¹, Jia Wang

¹Urology Department, West China Hospital, Guoxue Street, Chengdu, Sichuan 610016, China.

Urological Research

|December 25, 2009

Summary

A massive 450g bladder stone, the largest recorded in a male, caused severe symptoms and bilateral hydronephrosis. Surgical removal yielded excellent results, highlighting the need for treating obstruction and close follow-up for recurrent urinary tract infections.

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Published on: November 22, 2019

Area of Science:

Urology
Nephrology
Radiology

Background:

Bladder stones are common, but rarely reach extreme sizes.
Recurrent urinary tract infections (UTIs) and lower abdominal pain can indicate underlying bladder issues.

Observation:

A 39-year-old male presented with recurrent UTIs and abdominal pain.
Imaging revealed a large 450g pelvic calculus causing bilateral hydronephrosis.

Findings:

Surgical removal of the giant bladder stone (cystolithotomy) was successful.
The patient experienced excellent results post-surgery.

Implications:

Simultaneous treatment of bladder outlet obstruction is crucial for managing bladder stones.
High recurrence rates of urolithiasis necessitate close follow-up, especially in patients with voiding dysfunction and recurrent UTIs.
This case represents the largest documented bladder stone in a human male, offering insights into extreme urolithiasis.