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Drug Toxicity: Risk factors

Drug Toxicity: Risk factors

Adverse Drug Reactions (ADRs) are potential complications that arise during pharmacotherapy, influenced by multiple risk factors. Age plays a significant role; both neonates and the elderly are at heightened risk due to their respective immature and diminished metabolic and elimination processes. Gender also impacts ADRs, with females experiencing a 1.5 to 1.7-fold greater risk than males, which may be linked to pharmacokinetic, pharmacodynamic, and hormonal differences. Notably, neonates, the...

Drug Toxicity: Overview

Drug Toxicity: Overview

Drug toxicity quantifies the harm a compound causes to an organism, varying by dose and potentially impacting whole systems or specific organs like the liver. Toxic reactions may arise from venomous insect or spider bites, with effects ranging from mild symptoms to severe outcomes such as brain damage or death. Common forms of acute poisoning include ethanol intoxication and overdose of pain or fever medications, with substances like GHB and heroin being particularly lethal at doses close to...

Anticholinesterase Agents: Poisoning and Treatment

Anticholinesterase Agents: Poisoning and Treatment

Anticholinesterases, also known as cholinesterase inhibitors, work by blocking the breakdown of acetylcholine, leading to its accumulation in the synaptic cleft. This accumulation indirectly enhances both muscarinic and nicotinic actions. These agents are classified as reversible or irreversible based on their mechanism of action.
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Drug toxicity: Idiosyncratic Reactions

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Pharmaceutical Poisoning: Treatment Strategies

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Updated: Jun 17, 2026

Nerve Excitability Assessment in Chemotherapy-induced Neurotoxicity

Nerve Excitability Assessment in Chemotherapy-induced Neurotoxicity

Published on: April 26, 2012

Severe ifosfamide-induced neurotoxicity: a case report.

Sara Ramos Linares¹, Joaquín Breña Atienza, Matilde Cháfer Rudilla

¹Pharmacy Department, Hospital Universitario Nuestra Señora de Candelaria, Carretera del Rosario n masculine 145. 38010, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain. sramlin@gobiernodecanarias.org

Pharmacy World & Science : PWS

|December 25, 2009

Summary

Ifosfamide, an alkylating agent, can cause severe neurotoxicity in cancer patients. Early recognition and management of risk factors are crucial for patient safety during chemotherapy.

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Last Updated: Jun 17, 2026

Nerve Excitability Assessment in Chemotherapy-induced Neurotoxicity

Nerve Excitability Assessment in Chemotherapy-induced Neurotoxicity

Published on: April 26, 2012

Area of Science:

Oncology
Pharmacology
Neuroscience

Background:

Ifosfamide is a vital alkylating agent for treating various cancers.
Accumulation of ifosfamide metabolites can lead to significant neurotoxicity.

Observation:

A case report details a patient with Hodgkin's lymphoma experiencing severe neurological toxicity after ifosfamide treatment.
The patient had prior cisplatin chemotherapy, low albumin, and rapid ifosfamide infusion.

Findings:

Neurological toxicity resolved with supportive care within three weeks.
Risk factors identified include prior cisplatin, hypoalbuminemia, and rapid infusion of ifosfamide.

Implications:

Clinicians must be vigilant for severe neurological toxicity associated with ifosfamide.
Identifying and managing risk factors may mitigate ifosfamide-induced neurotoxicity.