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Vision

Vision

Vision is the result of light being detected and transduced into neural signals by the retina of the eye. This information is then further analyzed and interpreted by the brain. First, light enters the front of the eye and is focused by the cornea and lens onto the retina—a thin sheet of neural tissue lining the back of the eye. Because of refraction through the convex lens of the eye, images are projected onto the retina upside-down and reversed.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 17, 2026

Simultaneous Recording of Electroretinography and Visual Evoked Potentials in Anesthetized Rats

Simultaneous Recording of Electroretinography and Visual Evoked Potentials in Anesthetized Rats

Published on: July 1, 2016

Evoked potentials in the rabbit visual cortex reflect changes in line orientation and intensity.

V B Polyanskii¹, D E Alymkulov, E N Sokolov

¹Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia. pol@neurobiology.ru

Neuroscience and Behavioral Physiology

|December 25, 2009

Summary

Researchers studied visual evoked potentials in rabbits to understand how the brain processes line orientation and intensity. They found that rabbits primarily process stimulus brightness, but can also process both orientation and intensity simultaneously in the visual cortex.

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Last Updated: Jun 17, 2026

Simultaneous Recording of Electroretinography and Visual Evoked Potentials in Anesthetized Rats

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Stimulus-specific Cortical Visual Evoked Potential Morphological Patterns

Stimulus-specific Cortical Visual Evoked Potential Morphological Patterns

Published on: May 12, 2019

Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Visual Perception
Sensory Neuroscience

Background:

The visual cortex processes complex visual information, including orientation and intensity.
Understanding how sensory attributes are represented and processed is crucial for visual neuroscience.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the neural processing of visual stimuli with varying orientations and intensities in conscious rabbits.
To determine the dimensionality of sensory spaces for orientation and intensity in the rabbit visual cortex.

Main Methods:

Evoked potentials in the visual cortex of conscious rabbits were recorded.
Factor analysis was applied to analyze changes in evoked potentials.
Stimuli with controlled orientations and intensities were systematically substituted.

Main Results:

A two-dimensional sensory space for orientation was identified based on N85 peak analysis.
An achromatic sensory space was detected when varying stimulus intensity.
Complex stimuli revealed intensity as a predominant factor, though simultaneous processing of orientation and intensity was observed.

Conclusions:

Rabbit visual cortex exhibits a sensory space primarily driven by stimulus intensity, consistent with their crepuscular nature.
The visual cortex demonstrates the capacity for simultaneous processing of multiple visual attributes like orientation and intensity.
These findings provide insights into the neural mechanisms underlying complex visual stimulus analysis in mammals.