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Related Concept Videos

Pathophysiology of Heart Failure01:17

Pathophysiology of Heart Failure

Heart failure (HF) is a progressive syndrome involving ventricles that leads to inadequate cardiac output. It can be classified based on location and output or ejection fraction. Ejection fraction (EF) is an essential measurement in the diagnosis and surveillance of HF. Reduced EF corresponds to systolic heart failure (HFrEF). However, HF with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is becoming increasingly prevalent. Also known as diastolic HF, this form of HF is related to aging. The...
Heart Failure I: Introduction01:27

Heart Failure I: Introduction

Heart failure refers to a clinical syndrome caused by structural or functional cardiac disorders that prevent the heart from pumping an adequate amount of blood to meet the body's metabolic needs. This condition often arises from myocardial infarction or ischemia, leading to decreased cardiac output, reduced tissue perfusion, impaired gas exchange, fluid volume imbalance, and decreased functional ability.Heart failure can result from disruptions in the mechanisms that regulate cardiac output...
Heart Failure V: Medical Management01:30

Heart Failure V: Medical Management

Medical Management of Acute Decompensated Heart Failure (ADHF)The primary goals of therapy for patients hospitalized with acute decompensated heart failure (ADHF) include:Relieving symptomsOptimizing volume statusSupporting oxygenation and ventilationMaintaining cardiac output (CO) and end-organ perfusionIdentifying and addressing the cause of ADHFPreventing complicationsProviding patient education on factors precipitating HF exacerbationPlanning for dischargeOngoing monitoring and assessment...
Heart Failure IV: Classification and Diagnostic Evaluation01:30

Heart Failure IV: Classification and Diagnostic Evaluation

Heart failure can be classified in various ways, with the most common classifications based on physical activity limitations, disease progression, severity, and treatment strategies.The Functional Classification of Heart Failure divides patients into four categories based on physical activity limitation due to symptom burden.Class I: Patients in this class have cardiac disease but no physical activity limitations. Ordinary activities like walking, climbing stairs, or routine tasks do not cause...
Heart Failure II: Pathophysiology01:29

Heart Failure II: Pathophysiology

Systolic Heart Failure and Compensatory MechanismsSystolic heart failure (also termed HFrEF, Heart Failure with Reduced Ejection Fraction) is the most prevalent type of heart filure. It results in a decreased volume of blood being pumped from the ventricle. The aortic arch and carotid sinuses have baroreceptors that detect reduced blood pressure, triggering the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) to release epinephrine and norepinephrine. Initially, this response aims to boost heart rate and...
Heart Failure VII: Nursing Interventions01:30

Heart Failure VII: Nursing Interventions

The first step in nursing management of a patient with heart failure involves thoroughly assessing the patient's medical history.Subjective Data: Obtain the patient's medical history of coronary artery disease, hypertension, myocardial infarction, and symptoms like dyspnea, orthopnea, and paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea.Objective Data: Conduct a physical examination to identify findings such as jugular vein distention, pulmonary crackles, tachycardia, murmurs, peripheral edema, and vital signs,...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 17, 2026

Lumped-Parameter and Finite Element Modeling of Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction
09:20

Lumped-Parameter and Finite Element Modeling of Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction

Published on: February 13, 2021

Heart failure with normal ejection fraction (HFNEF): is it worth considering?

Coralie Blanche1, Thierry Fumeaux, Ralf Polikar

  • 1Internal Medicine and Intensiv Care Unit, GHOL, Regional Hospital Nyon, Nyon, Switzerland.

Swiss Medical Weekly
|December 25, 2009
PubMed
Summary

Heart failure with normal ejection fraction (HFNEF) affects many patients and has new diagnostic criteria. This review covers diagnosis, pathophysiology, and management of HFNEF.

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A Surgical Model of Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction in Tibetan Minipigs
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Last Updated: Jun 17, 2026

Lumped-Parameter and Finite Element Modeling of Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction
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Published on: February 13, 2021

A Surgical Model of Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction in Tibetan Minipigs
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A Surgical Model of Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction in Tibetan Minipigs

Published on: February 18, 2022

Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Internal Medicine

Background:

  • A significant number of heart failure patients exhibit normal ventricular ejection fraction on echocardiography.
  • This condition, previously termed diastolic heart failure, is now known as heart failure with normal ejection fraction (HFNEF) or heart failure with preserved ejection fraction.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To discuss the diagnostic criteria for HFNEF, as recently defined by the European Society of Cardiology.
  • To explore emerging aspects of HFNEF pathophysiology.
  • To review the management strategies for HFNEF, which differ from those for systolic dysfunction.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current literature and guidelines.
  • Analysis of diagnostic steps for HFNEF.
  • Discussion of pathophysiological mechanisms.
  • Evaluation of management approaches.

Main Results:

  • New diagnostic criteria for HFNEF have been established by the European Society of Cardiology.
  • Understanding of HFNEF pathophysiology is evolving.
  • Management of HFNEF presents unique challenges compared to HF with systolic dysfunction.

Conclusions:

  • Accurate diagnosis of HFNEF is crucial.
  • Further research into pathophysiology and management is warranted.
  • Adherence to new guidelines will improve patient care for HFNEF.