Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Regulation of Angiogenesis and Blood Supply

Regulation of Angiogenesis and Blood Supply

Rapidly dividing tumors, embryos, and wounded tissues require more oxygen than usual, lowering the oxygen concentration in the blood. At low oxygen or hypoxic conditions, an oxygen-sensitive transcription factor called the hypoxia-inducible factor 1 or HIF1 is activated. HIF1 is a dimeric protein of alpha (ɑ) and beta (β) subunits. Under optimal oxygen conditions, HIF1β is present in the nucleus while HIF1ɑ remains in the cytosol. HIF1ɑ is hydroxylated by prolyl hydroxylase and factor...

Mechanism of Angiogenesis

Mechanism of Angiogenesis

Blood vessel formation starts early during embryonic development, around day 7. In the extraembryonic yolk sac, mesodermal precursor cells called hemangioblast proliferate and differentiate into angioblast. Angioblasts express vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 or VEGFR2, which binds VEGF-A, a proangiogenic factor, guiding blood vessel formation. VEGF signaling promotes angioblasts to form a blood island in the developing embryo. Angioblasts further differentiate, giving rise to...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Mitochondrial OXPHOS integrates immunometabolic cascade for bone regeneration via coupled ATP production and ROS homeostasis.

Redox biology·2026

Same author

Glial Cell Line-derived Neurotrophic Factor and Retinoic Acid Synergy Unlocks Neurogenesis in Adult Myenteric Glia/Neural Progenitors.

Cellular and molecular gastroenterology and hepatology·2026

Same author

Structural and functional gastrointestinal abnormalities in ACTA2 R179H mice modeling multisystemic smooth muscle dysfunction syndrome.

JCI insight·2026

Same author

Humanized Bone Model Identifies BMP6 as a Multifunctional Regulator in Myeloma Bone Disease.

Biomolecules·2025

Same author

Fat-derived neural stem cells promote nerve regeneration following peripheral nerve injury.

Stem cell research & therapy·2025

Same author

Insights into the mechanism of interaction between chlordecone and human serum albumin using multiplex spectroscopy and computational methods.

Journal of biomolecular structure & dynamics·2025

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 17, 2026

Fabrication of Size-Controlled and Emulsion-Free Chitosan-Genipin Microgels for Tissue Engineering Applications

Fabrication of Size-Controlled and Emulsion-Free Chitosan-Genipin Microgels for Tissue Engineering Applications

Published on: April 13, 2022

Chitosan-based hydrogels do not induce angiogenesis.

Raheleh Ahmadi¹, Alan J Burns, Joost D de Bruijn

¹School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, UK.

Journal of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine

|December 25, 2009

Summary

This study found that chitosan-glycerol phosphate (GP)-hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC) binders do not promote blood vessel growth (angiogenesis). However, adding human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) significantly enhanced angiogenesis in bone tissue engineering applications.

More Related Videos

Preparation of Chitosan-based Injectable Hydrogels and Its Application in 3D Cell Culture

Preparation of Chitosan-based Injectable Hydrogels and Its Application in 3D Cell Culture

Published on: September 29, 2017

Constructing a Collagen Hydrogel for the Delivery of Stem Cell-loaded Chitosan Microspheres

Constructing a Collagen Hydrogel for the Delivery of Stem Cell-loaded Chitosan Microspheres

Published on: June 1, 2012

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 17, 2026

Fabrication of Size-Controlled and Emulsion-Free Chitosan-Genipin Microgels for Tissue Engineering Applications

Fabrication of Size-Controlled and Emulsion-Free Chitosan-Genipin Microgels for Tissue Engineering Applications

Published on: April 13, 2022

Preparation of Chitosan-based Injectable Hydrogels and Its Application in 3D Cell Culture

Preparation of Chitosan-based Injectable Hydrogels and Its Application in 3D Cell Culture

Published on: September 29, 2017

Constructing a Collagen Hydrogel for the Delivery of Stem Cell-loaded Chitosan Microspheres

Constructing a Collagen Hydrogel for the Delivery of Stem Cell-loaded Chitosan Microspheres

Published on: June 1, 2012

Area of Science:

Biomaterials Science
Regenerative Medicine
Tissue Engineering

Background:

Injectable bone void fillers are crucial for bone tissue engineering.
Assessing the angiogenic potential of biomaterial binders is essential for successful bone regeneration.
Chitosan-glycerol phosphate (GP)-hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC) is a potential injectable binder.

Purpose of the Study:

To evaluate the angiogenic capacity of a chitosan-GP-HEC binder.
To determine if human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) influence the angiogenic response of the binder.
To assess the suitability of this system for injectable bone tissue engineering.

Main Methods:

The chick chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) assay was employed to test angiogenesis.
Chitosan-GP-HEC gel was tested alone and in combination with hMSCs.
Blood vessel formation was quantified and compared to a positive control (b-FGF).

Main Results:

The chitosan-GP-HEC binder alone exhibited no significant angiogenic potential.
The inclusion of hMSCs in the chitosan-GP-HEC gel significantly enhanced blood vessel formation.
The hMSC-containing group showed comparable angiogenesis to the b-FGF positive control (p < 0.05).

Conclusions:

The chitosan-GP-HEC binder does not intrinsically promote angiogenesis.
Human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells are the primary drivers of enhanced angiogenesis in this system.
This finding is critical for optimizing injectable scaffolds for bone regeneration.