Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Opioid Receptors: Overview01:22

Opioid Receptors: Overview

Opioid receptors, including the mu (μ, MOR), delta (δ, DOR), and kappa (κ, KOR) types, belong to the rhodopsin family of G protein-coupled receptors. These receptors are located throughout the central and peripheral nervous systems and in non-neuronal tissues such as macrophages and astrocytes. Opioid receptor ligands can be categorized into agonists or antagonists. Highly selective agonists include [d-Ala2, MePhe4, Gly(ol)5]-enkephalin or DAMGO for MOR, [D-Pen2, D-Pen5]-enkephalin or DPDPE for...
Analgesia and Pain Management01:25

Analgesia and Pain Management

Pain is critical to various clinical pathologies, provoking an urgent need for effective management. Pain, whether acute or chronic, is a complex neurochemical process. Its alleviation depends on the type, with nonopioid analgesics effective for mild to moderate pain, such as musculoskeletal or inflammatory pain, while neuropathic pain responds best to anticonvulsants, tricyclic antidepressants, or serotonin/norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors. For severe acute or chronic pain, opioids may be...
Opioid Analgesics: Synthetic and Semisynthetic Opioids01:15

Opioid Analgesics: Synthetic and Semisynthetic Opioids

Synthetic and semisynthetic opioids are pivotal in pain management and tackling opioid addiction. Semisynthetic opioids, including morphinans (morphine derivatives), oxycodone, oxymorphone, hydrocodone, and hydromorphone, have improved pharmacokinetic profiles compared to morphine. Additionally, heroin and 6-MAM (6-Monoacetylmorphine) show better CNS penetration than morphine due to heightened lipid solubility. Hydromorphone, a potent opioid, undergoes hepatic metabolism to form the active...
Opioid Analgesics: Morphine and Other Natural Cogeners01:20

Opioid Analgesics: Morphine and Other Natural Cogeners

Opioids are a class of drugs that mimic endogenous opioid peptides and act on opioid receptors, and help in pain relief. These compounds are classified as natural, synthetic, or semi-synthetic. Natural opioids, like morphine, codeine, and thebaine, are derived from the opium poppy plant (Papaver somniferum or Papaver album) and are termed opiates. Synthetic opioids are artificial, while semi-synthetic opioids combine natural and synthetic compounds. Morphine, a prototypical opioid, possesses a...
Drug-Receptor Interaction: Agonist01:25

Drug-Receptor Interaction: Agonist

Agonists are drugs that interact with specific receptors in the body to produce a biological response. When an agonist binds to a receptor, it activates or enhances the receptor's function, leading to physiological effects. The interaction between agonist drugs and receptors is crucial for their therapeutic action in various medical treatments.
Agonists can bind to receptors in different ways. Some agonists bind directly to the receptor's active site, mimicking the endogenous ligand's action.

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Naltrexone/bupropion for binge-eating disorder: A human laboratory investigation of mechanisms.

Drug and alcohol dependence reports·2026
Same author

Central amygdala single-nucleus atlas reveals chromatin and gene transcription dynamics in human alcohol use disorder.

Nature communications·2026
Same author

The GLP-1R Agonist Semaglutide Reduces Motivated Running and Alters Dopamine Dynamics in the Nucleus Accumbens.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2025
Same author

The NMDAR positive allosteric modulator NYX-783 selectively blocks opioid withdrawal conditioned place aversion in mice.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2025
Same author

In Vivo Positron Emission Tomography Imaging of Presynaptic Density Reveals Stress-Associated Synaptic Deficits Related to Behavioral and Molecular Alterations in Rats.

Biological psychiatry. Cognitive neuroscience and neuroimaging·2025
Same author

Disruptions in Reward-Guided Decision-Making Functions Are Predictive of Greater Oral Oxycodone Self-Administration in Male and Female Rats.

Biological psychiatry global open science·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 17, 2026

Operant Protocols for Assessing the Cost-benefit Analysis During Reinforced Decision Making by Rodents
07:05

Operant Protocols for Assessing the Cost-benefit Analysis During Reinforced Decision Making by Rodents

Published on: September 10, 2018

Orexin mediates morphine place preference, but not morphine-induced hyperactivity or sensitization.

Ruth Sharf1, Douglas J Guarnieri, Jane R Taylor

  • 1Department of Psychiatry, Ribicoff Research Facilities, Yale University School of Medicine, 34 Park St.-CMHC, New Haven, CT 06519, USA.

Brain Research
|December 26, 2009
PubMed
Summary

Orexin signaling is not essential for morphine

More Related Videos

Assessment of Morphine-induced Hyperalgesia and Analgesic Tolerance in Mice Using Thermal and Mechanical Nociceptive Modalities
07:23

Assessment of Morphine-induced Hyperalgesia and Analgesic Tolerance in Mice Using Thermal and Mechanical Nociceptive Modalities

Published on: July 29, 2014

A Conditioned Place Preference Protocol for Measuring Incubation of Craving in Rats
04:11

A Conditioned Place Preference Protocol for Measuring Incubation of Craving in Rats

Published on: November 6, 2018

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 17, 2026

Operant Protocols for Assessing the Cost-benefit Analysis During Reinforced Decision Making by Rodents
07:05

Operant Protocols for Assessing the Cost-benefit Analysis During Reinforced Decision Making by Rodents

Published on: September 10, 2018

Assessment of Morphine-induced Hyperalgesia and Analgesic Tolerance in Mice Using Thermal and Mechanical Nociceptive Modalities
07:23

Assessment of Morphine-induced Hyperalgesia and Analgesic Tolerance in Mice Using Thermal and Mechanical Nociceptive Modalities

Published on: July 29, 2014

A Conditioned Place Preference Protocol for Measuring Incubation of Craving in Rats
04:11

A Conditioned Place Preference Protocol for Measuring Incubation of Craving in Rats

Published on: November 6, 2018

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Pharmacology
  • Addiction Research

Background:

  • Orexin (hypocretin) is involved in reward and addiction.
  • Its role in morphine-induced behaviors requires further investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To examine orexin's contribution to morphine sensitization and place preference.
  • To determine if orexin receptor 1 (Ox1r) signaling influences morphine-seeking behavior.

Main Methods:

  • Orexin knockout (OKO) mice and wild-type (WT) controls were used.
  • Locomotor activity and conditioned place preference (CPP) tests were conducted following morphine administration.
  • An Ox1r antagonist (SB-334867) was administered to C57BL/6J mice.

Main Results:

  • OKO mice and WT controls showed similar locomotor responses to acute and chronic morphine.
  • Ox1r antagonist treatment did not affect locomotor activity in response to morphine.
  • While OKO mice showed no difference in morphine preference, the Ox1r antagonist reduced place preference for morphine-associated environments.

Conclusions:

  • Orexin is not required for morphine-induced locomotor activity.
  • Ox1r signaling plays a role in morphine-seeking behavior, specifically in conditioned place preference.
  • Targeting Ox1r may offer a strategy for managing morphine addiction.