Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Glucose Homeostasis: Regulation of Blood Glucose01:02

Glucose Homeostasis: Regulation of Blood Glucose

Carbohydrates consumed through foods are converted into glucose, a crucial energy source for the body. In the prandial state, high blood glucose levels stimulate the secretion of insulin from the pancreas. Insulin inhibits hepatic glucose production and stimulates glucose uptake and metabolism by muscle and adipose tissue. The excess glucose is converted into glycogen and stored in the liver and muscles.
During fasting, when blood glucose levels are low, the pancreas secretes glucagon. it...
Hyperglycemia01:29

Hyperglycemia

Hyperglycemia is an abnormally high blood glucose level. It is diagnosed by fasting glucose ≥126 mg/dL, 2-hour oral glucose tolerance test (or OGTT) ≥200 mg/dL, random glucose ≥200 mg/dL with symptoms, or HbA1c ≥6.5%. However, HbA1c results may be unreliable in certain conditions, such as anemia or hemoglobinopathies, and the diagnosis should be confirmed unless classic symptoms are present. Postprandial hyperglycemia is typically considered significant when glucose levels exceed 180 mg/dL two...
Glucose Homeostasis: Pancreatic Islets and Insulin Secretion01:27

Glucose Homeostasis: Pancreatic Islets and Insulin Secretion

The pancreatic islets comprising only 1%-2% of the volume are highly vascularized and innervated mini-organs. They contain five endocrine cell types, including β cells that secrete insulin, which is synthesized as a single polypeptide chain, preproinsulin, processed to proinsulin, and finally to insulin and C-peptide. This process is complex and regulated, involving the Golgi complex, the endoplasmic reticulum, and the secretory granules of the β cell.
Insulin and C-peptide are co-secreted in...
Diabetic Ketoacidosis ll: Pathophysiology01:22

Diabetic Ketoacidosis ll: Pathophysiology

Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is a metabolic emergency characterized by hyperglycemia, ketonemia, and metabolic acidosis. It results from severe insulin deficiency and an excess of counterregulatory hormones, leading to uncontrolled lipolysis, ketogenesis, and widespread electrolyte and fluid disturbances.Pathophysiology The central event in DKA is a profound loss of insulin action. Without insulin, glucose uptake in insulin-dependent tissues is impaired, while hepatic glucose production...
Complications of Diabetes Mellitus01:22

Complications of Diabetes Mellitus

Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by persistent hyperglycemia due to insulin deficiency, resistance, or both. Prolonged hyperglycemia disrupts metabolic homeostasis and leads to acute and chronic complications.Acute ComplicationsAcute complications result from sudden metabolic imbalance.Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) mainly appears in type 1 diabetes but may also develop in type 2 diabetes, particularly under extreme stress. It arises from severe insulin deficiency,...
Diabetic Ketoacidosis l: Introduction01:25

Diabetic Ketoacidosis l: Introduction

DefinitionDiabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is an acute, life-threatening complication of diabetes mellitus, characterized by a triad of hyperglycemia (blood glucose >250 mg/dL), ketonemia or ketonuria, and metabolic acidosis (arterial pH <7.30 and serum bicarbonate <18 mEq/L). It results from insulin deficiency combined with elevated levels of counterregulatory hormones—glucagon, catecholamines, cortisol, and growth hormone—leading to increased lipolysis, hepatic ketone production, and...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Withholding or continuing glucose-lowering drugs for elective surgery in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a secondary analysis of the MOPED international, prospective, observational study.

British journal of anaesthesia·2026
Same author

Pharmacotherapeutic interventions to improve postoperative sleep quality in older adult patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

British journal of anaesthesia·2026
Same author

Caution Before Routine Preoperative Hemoglobin A1c Testing.

JAMA surgery·2026
Same author

Cost-effectiveness of Paravertebral versus EPidural analgesia in Minimally invasive Esophageal resectioN (PEPMEN): an economic evaluation alongside a randomized clinical trial.

Surgical endoscopy·2026
Same author

Benzodiazepine receptor agonists in hospitalised patients in the Netherlands: initiation, continuation and discontinuation - a retrospective observational analysis.

BMJ open·2026
Same author

In Support of Venous Glucose as a Reference Matrix for Evaluating Continuous Glucose Monitoring Accuracy.

Journal of diabetes science and technology·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 17, 2026

Improving IV Insulin Administration in a Community Hospital
12:08

Improving IV Insulin Administration in a Community Hospital

Published on: June 11, 2012

Glucose variability is associated with intensive care unit mortality.

Jeroen Hermanides1, Titia M Vriesendorp, Robert J Bosman

  • 1Department of Internal Medicine, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. j.hermanides@amc.uva.nl

Critical Care Medicine
|December 26, 2009
PubMed
Summary

High glucose variability strongly predicts intensive care unit (ICU) mortality. Even with elevated mean glucose, low glucose variability appears protective against ICU death.

More Related Videos

Hyperglycemic Clamp and Hypoglycemic Clamp in Conscious Mice
07:35

Hyperglycemic Clamp and Hypoglycemic Clamp in Conscious Mice

Published on: January 26, 2024

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 17, 2026

Improving IV Insulin Administration in a Community Hospital
12:08

Improving IV Insulin Administration in a Community Hospital

Published on: June 11, 2012

Hyperglycemic Clamp and Hypoglycemic Clamp in Conscious Mice
07:35

Hyperglycemic Clamp and Hypoglycemic Clamp in Conscious Mice

Published on: January 26, 2024

Area of Science:

  • Critical Care Medicine
  • Endocrinology
  • Biostatistics

Background:

  • Glucose variability is increasingly recognized as a predictor of mortality in intensive care unit (ICU) settings.
  • Understanding the relationship between glucose variability and mortality is crucial for optimizing patient care.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between glucose variability and mortality in ICU and in-hospital settings.
  • To examine this association across different ranges of mean glucose levels.

Main Methods:

  • A retrospective cohort study was conducted in an 18-bed medical/surgical ICU.
  • Data from 5728 patients admitted between January 2004 and December 2007 were analyzed.
  • Measures of glucose variability, including mean absolute glucose change per hour and standard deviation, were calculated and related to mortality using logistic regression.

Main Results:

  • Higher glucose variability, particularly mean absolute glucose change per hour, was associated with increased odds of ICU death.
  • The highest odds ratio for ICU death (12.4) was observed in patients with the highest mean absolute glucose change per hour and in the upper glucose quartile.
  • Mortality rates were lowest in the lowest quartiles of mean absolute glucose change per hour.

Conclusions:

  • High glucose variability is significantly associated with both ICU and in-hospital mortality.
  • The combination of high glucose variability and high mean glucose levels is linked to the highest ICU mortality.
  • Low glucose variability demonstrated a protective effect, even in patients with elevated mean glucose levels under strict glycemic control.