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FURO/CAP: a protocol for sodium intake sensitization.

Daniela T B Pereira¹, José V Menani, Laurival A De Luca

¹Department of Physiology and Pathology, School of Dentistry, Rua Humaitá, 1680, São Paulo State University - UNESP, 14801-903, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil.

Physiology & Behavior

|December 29, 2009

Summary

Repeatedly increasing brain angiotensin II (ANG II) with furosemide (FURO) and captopril (CAP) enhances sodium intake and appetite. This effect was blocked by losartan, an ANG II receptor blocker.

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Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Physiology
Behavioral Science

Background:

The renin-angiotensin system (RAS), particularly angiotensin II (ANG II), plays a crucial role in regulating fluid and electrolyte balance.
Previous research suggests ANG II influences salt appetite, but its long-term behavioral effects require further investigation.
Understanding how protocols that increase brain ANG II impact sodium intake is essential for comprehending appetite regulation.

Purpose of the Study:

To determine if a history of furosemide (FURO) and captopril (CAP) administration sensitizes or enhances sodium intake.
To investigate the role of ANG II type-1 receptors in mediating the long-term effects of FURO/CAP on sodium appetite.
To examine the impact of FURO/CAP history on stimulated, spontaneous, and deprivation-induced sodium intake.

Main Methods:

Rats received repeated subcutaneous injections of FURO (10mg/kg) and captopril (CAP, 5mg/kg) or vehicle.
Some groups received intraperitoneal injections of the ANG II type-1 receptor antagonist losartan (10, 20, or 40 mg/kg) prior to FURO/CAP tests.
Sodium and fluid intake were measured in response to FURO/CAP stimulation, spontaneously, and after water deprivation.

Main Results:

Repeated FURO/CAP administration enhanced both stimulated and spontaneous sodium intake.
Losartan completely suppressed FURO/CAP-stimulated fluid intake but only partially reduced natriuresis.
A history of FURO/CAP, but not vehicle or FURO/CAP with losartan, enhanced water deprivation-induced sodium appetite.

Conclusions:

A history of elevated brain ANG II via FURO/CAP administration enhances various forms of sodium intake and appetite.
The ANG II type-1 receptor is critical for mediating the long-term behavioral effects of increased ANG II.
These findings highlight the significant role of ANG II in long-term regulation of sodium appetite and behavior.