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Agarose Fluid Gels Formed by Shear Processing During Gelation for Suspended 3D Bioprinting

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Syneresis in agar hydrogels.

Shilpi Boral¹, Anita Saxena, H B Bohidar

¹Polymer and Biophysics Laboratory, School of Physical Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India.

International Journal of Biological Macromolecules

|December 29, 2009

Summary

Agar hydrogels exhibit syneresis, causing osmotic stress and pulsating "breathing modes." Removing released solvent accelerated network deformation, while its retention led to slow relaxation of these modes.

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Area of Science:

Polymer Science
Materials Science
Soft Matter Physics

Background:

Agar hydrogels undergo syneresis, a process where the polymer network contracts and releases solvent.
Syneresis induces internal osmotic stress within the hydrogel's physical network.
This stress can lead to observable dynamic behaviors in the hydrogel structure.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the dynamic behavior of agar hydrogels under syneresis-induced osmotic stress.
To characterize the pulsating modes (breathing modes) arising from internal stress.
To explore the influence of solvent removal on hydrogel network deformation and dynamics.

Main Methods:

Long-term (60-day) experimental observations of agar hydrogels.
Controlled periodic removal of solvent from the gel surface.
Comparison of hydrogel behavior with and without solvent withdrawal.
Analysis of swelling-deswelling dynamics using a dissipative damped oscillator model.

Main Results:

Syneresis in agar hydrogels creates internal osmotic stress, leading to characteristic pulsating modes.
Periodic solvent removal accelerated monotonous network deformation over 60 days.
When solvent was not withdrawn, the hydrogel exhibited very slowly relaxing breathing modes.
The swelling-deswelling dynamics were successfully described within a generalized dissipative damped oscillator framework.

Conclusions:

Agar hydrogel syneresis drives internal osmotic stress and dynamic breathing modes.
Solvent management significantly impacts hydrogel network deformation and relaxation dynamics.
The dissipative damped oscillator model provides a useful framework for understanding hydrogel swelling-deswelling behavior.