Biochemical markers in Celiac disease.

Area of Science:

• Gastroenterology
• Immunology
• Genetics

Background:

• Celiac disease is a widespread autoimmune disorder triggered by gluten ingestion in genetically susceptible individuals.
• Affecting approximately 1% of the global population, it presents a unique model for studying environmental and genetic factors in autoimmunity.
• The condition necessitates lifelong adherence to a gluten-free diet for management.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the biochemical markers, genetic predispositions, and histological findings associated with celiac disease.
• To discuss the role of environmental factors, specifically gluten, in disease pathogenesis.
• To highlight available diagnostic tools and therapeutic strategies, including serological monitoring and dietary interventions.

Main Methods:

• Literature review of studies on celiac disease.
• Analysis of biochemical markers, including serological tests.
• Examination of genetic factors (HLA and non-HLA genes) and histological findings.

Main Results:

• Celiac disease diagnosis relies on a combination of laboratory findings, histology, and genetic analysis.
• Both major environmental (gluten) and genetic factors, including HLA and non-HLA genes, are crucial for disease development.
• Intraepithelial lymphocyte infiltration is a key histological feature, offering insights into disease pathogenesis.

Conclusions:

• Celiac disease is a complex autoimmune condition influenced by both environmental and genetic factors.
• Accurate diagnosis involves a multidisciplinary approach, integrating serology, genetics, and histology.
• A gluten-free diet remains the cornerstone of effective celiac disease management.