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Related Concept Videos

Antibody Structure01:10

Antibody Structure

Overview
Antibodies, also known as immunoglobulins (Ig), are essential players of the adaptive immune system. These antigen-binding proteins are produced by B cells and make up 20 percent of the total blood plasma by weight. In mammals, antibodies fall into five different classes, which each elicits a different biological response upon antigen binding.
The Y-Shaped Structure of Antibodies Consists of Four Polypeptide Chains
Antibodies consist of four polypeptide chains: two identical heavy...
Cross-reactivity00:42

Cross-reactivity

Overview
Antibody Actions01:26

Antibody Actions

Antibodies, or immunoglobulins, are critical players in the immune system's arsenal against invading pathogens. Produced by B cells and plasma cells, their primary role is to detect and bind to specific antigens, molecules found on the surface of pathogens like bacteria or viruses. Beyond antigen recognition, antibodies perform several vital functions that contribute to immune defense.
Neutralization
Antibodies can bind to pathogens, preventing them from infecting host cells. This process...
Inflammatory Response01:28

Inflammatory Response

An inflammatory response is a localized, nonspecific immune reaction that occurs when a tissue is injured. It is characterized by redness, swelling, heat, and pain, which are commonly called the cardinal signs and symptoms of inflammation. Inflammation can sometimes result in a loss of function.
Inflammation can be triggered by various stimuli, such as impact, abrasion, chemical irritation, infections, and extreme hot or cold temperatures. These can damage cells and connective tissue fibers,...
Drugs for Treatment of Crohn's Disease in IBD Using Biologic Agents: Anti-TNF01:24

Drugs for Treatment of Crohn's Disease in IBD Using Biologic Agents: Anti-TNF

Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF), a proinflammatory cytokine, contributes significantly to the inflammation seen in Crohn's disease. It exists as soluble TNF and membrane-bound TNF, with actions mediated through TNF receptors (TNFR). TNFR activation leads to the release of proinflammatory cytokines, T-cell activation, collagen production, and leukocyte migration, all contributing to inflammation in Crohn's disease. Anti-TNF monoclonal antibodies, namely infliximab (Remicade), adalimumab (Humira),...
Acute Inflammation I: Inflammatory Response01:26

Acute Inflammation I: Inflammatory Response

Acute inflammation is a rapid, short-lived physiological response to tissue injury or infection, designed to eliminate harmful agents and initiate repair. This tightly regulated process typically lasts from minutes to several days and is triggered by factors such as microbial invasion, physical trauma, or chemical injury.Recognition and Mediator ReleaseThe inflammatory response begins when resident immune cells—such as mast cells, macrophages, and dendritic cells—detect damage-associated...

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Related Experiment Video

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Generation of Monoclonal Antibodies Against Natural Products
12:15

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Published on: April 6, 2019

Natural polyphenols as anti-inflammatory agents.

Salvatore Accomando1, Veronica Pellitteri, Giovanni Corsello

  • 1Department of Pediatrics, University of Palermo, Via Dei Benedettini, 1 90127 Palermo, Italy. salvoaccomando@hotmail.com

Frontiers in Bioscience (Scholar Edition)
|December 29, 2009
PubMed
Summary

Celiac disease, an autoimmune disorder triggered by gluten, affects 1 in 100 individuals. Genetic predisposition and environmental factors like gluten intake are key, with serological markers and a gluten-free diet aiding management.

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Gastroenterology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Celiac disease is a prevalent autoimmune disorder affecting 1-2% of the global population.
  • It is characterized by permanent gluten intolerance in genetically susceptible individuals.
  • Understanding the interplay between environmental and genetic factors is crucial for disease management.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the biochemical markers, genetic factors, and histological findings associated with celiac disease.
  • To highlight the role of gluten as the primary environmental trigger.
  • To discuss advancements in disease monitoring and treatment.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on celiac disease biomarkers.
  • Analysis of genetic associations, including HLA and non-HLA genes.
  • Examination of histological evidence, particularly intraepithelial lymphocyte infiltration.

Main Results:

  • Serological markers and gluten-free diet are established tools for monitoring and managing celiac disease.
  • Both HLA and non-HLA genes contribute to the genetic predisposition of celiac disease.
  • Intraepithelial lymphocyte infiltration is increasingly recognized for its role in disease pathogenesis.

Conclusions:

  • Celiac disease is a complex autoimmune condition influenced by both environmental (gluten) and genetic factors.
  • Further research into non-HLA genes and histological changes can enhance understanding of celiac disease pathogenesis.
  • Effective management relies on identifying triggers, genetic risk, and implementing appropriate therapies like a gluten-free diet.