[Preoperative chemoradiotherapy for resectable lower rectal cancer]

Area of Science:

• Oncology
• Surgical Oncology
• Radiation Oncology

Context:

• Advanced rectal cancer poses challenges for local recurrence and sphincter function preservation.
• Preoperative chemoradiotherapy (CRT) is a strategy explored to improve outcomes.
• Lateral lymph node dissection is a key surgical component.

Purpose:

• To evaluate the feasibility and efficacy of preoperative CRT in patients with lower advanced rectal cancer.
• To assess the impact of CRT on local tumor control and sphincter preservation.
• To document and analyze surgical complications following preoperative CRT.

Summary:

• Sixteen patients with advanced rectal cancer received tegafur/uracil/calcium folinate plus radiation therapy, followed by resection.
• Tumor response was assessed by RECIST criteria and FDG-PET, with significant reduction in isotope accumulation observed.
• All patients underwent R0 resection, and 3 showed a complete pathological response. Surgical complications were noted and managed.

Impact:

• Preoperative CRT demonstrates potential for effective local control in advanced rectal cancer.
• The approach may facilitate sphincter-saving surgery, improving quality of life.
• Understanding and managing radiation-induced surgical complications is crucial for optimizing treatment protocols.