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Polycomb group gene function in sexual and asexual seed development in angiosperms.

Julio C M Rodrigues1, Ming Luo, Frédéric Berger

  • 1Embrapa Genetic Resources and Biotechnology, Brasília, 70770-900, Brazil. carlyle@cenargen.embrapa.br

Sexual Plant Reproduction
|December 30, 2009
PubMed
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Genomic imprinting, essential for seed development in flowering plants, is regulated by Fertilization Independent Seed (FIS) complex genes. Not all FIS functions are conserved across species, but some Polycomb group (PcG) components are crucial for seed viability.

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Area of Science:

  • Plant reproductive biology
  • Epigenetics
  • Developmental genetics

Background:

  • Double fertilization in angiosperms produces the embryo and endosperm, with differential gene expression based on parental origin (genomic imprinting) crucial for seed development.
  • Genomic imprinting is epigenetically controlled via histone modifications and DNA methylation.
  • In Arabidopsis, Fertilization Independent Seed (FIS)-class Polycomb group (PcG) genes regulate imprinting by silencing maternal or paternal alleles, and mutations can disrupt fertilization-dependent endosperm development.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the role of the FIS complex in establishing and maintaining genomic imprinting.
  • To highlight recent advances in understanding FIS-related gene expression and function in maize, rice, and Hieracium.
  • To investigate FIS functions in apomictic Hieracium species, which form seeds asexually.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review focusing on genomic imprinting and FIS gene function.
  • Comparative analysis of FIS gene expression and function across different plant species (maize, rice, Hieracium).
  • Examination of apomixis in Hieracium to understand conserved imprinting mechanisms.

Main Results:

  • Not all FIS-mediated imprinting functions observed in Arabidopsis are conserved in other species.
  • Some PcG components are essential for viable seed formation in both sexual and asexual (apomixis) processes in Hieracium.
  • FIS complex plays a critical role in regulating genomic imprinting and seed development.

Conclusions:

  • The function of FIS-class PcG genes in genomic imprinting shows variable conservation across eudicots.
  • Certain PcG components are vital for seed viability, irrespective of the mode of reproduction (sexual or asexual).
  • This suggests a conserved role for PcG proteins in ensuring seed viability in some eudicots.