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Related Concept Videos

Hepatitis01:25

Hepatitis

Hepatitis is an inflammatory condition of the liver most commonly caused by hepatotropic viruses (A–E), though non-infectious causes such as alcohol and drugs also exist.Hepatitis AHepatitis A virus (HAV) is a non-enveloped RNA virus of the Picornaviridae family. It is primarily transmitted via the fecal-oral route, typically through ingestion of contaminated food or water. After ingestion, HAV enters the bloodstream through the oropharynx or intestinal epithelium and reaches the liver. The...
Viral Hepatitis I: Introduction01:28

Viral Hepatitis I: Introduction

Viral hepatitis is an inflammatory condition of the liver caused by infection with hepatotropic viruses, most commonly hepatitis A, B, C, D, and E. Despite variations in structure and transmission, all viruses mentioned infect hepatocytes and provoke immune responses that can hinder liver function. Additionally, some non-hepatotropic viruses can also lead to hepatic inflammation.Hepatitis A VirusHepatitis A virus (HAV) is transmitted through the fecal–oral route, typically by ingestion of food...
Yellow Fever01:18

Yellow Fever

Yellow fever is a viral hemorrhagic disease caused by the yellow fever virus (YFV), a member of the Flaviviridae family. It is transmitted primarily by Aedes and Haemagogus mosquitoes in tropical and subtropical regions of Africa and South America. After transmission through a mosquito bite, the virus initially replicates in skin-resident immune cells such as dendritic cells and macrophages. These cells then migrate to the lymph nodes, where viral replication increases, eventually leading to...
Inhibitors Of Virion Release01:25

Inhibitors Of Virion Release

Viral replication and dissemination rely on efficient mechanisms for host cell entry, genome replication, assembly, and release. Influenza viruses, such as types A and B, are negative-sense single-stranded RNA viruses with a segmented genome, that depend on two critical surface glycoproteins to carry out these processes: hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA). HA initiates infection by binding to sialic acid residues on the surface of host epithelial cells, facilitating receptor-mediated...
Arboviral Encephalitis01:25

Arboviral Encephalitis

Arboviral encephalitis refers to brain inflammation caused by arthropod-borne viruses, particularly those transmitted through mosquito vectors. Among these, West Nile virus (WNV), a member of the Flaviviridae family, is a significant public health concern. WNV is an enveloped, positive-sense, single-stranded RNA virus. Human infection typically begins when an infected mosquito introduces the virus into the dermis during feeding. The primary transmission cycle involves birds as amplifying hosts...

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Updated: Jun 17, 2026

A Cell Culture Model for Producing High Titer Hepatitis E Virus Stocks
10:28

A Cell Culture Model for Producing High Titer Hepatitis E Virus Stocks

Published on: June 26, 2020

Recent advances in Hepatitis E virus.

X J Meng1

  • 1Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Center for Molecular Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, USA. xjmeng@vt.edu

Journal of Viral Hepatitis
|December 31, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Hepatitis E virus (HEV) causes hepatitis E. Recent advances show HEV is zoonotic, with pigs and other animals as reservoirs, raising public health concerns for food safety and cross-species infection.

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Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction-Based Detection and Quantification of Hepatitis B Virus DNA
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Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction-Based Detection and Quantification of Hepatitis B Virus DNA

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Last Updated: Jun 17, 2026

A Cell Culture Model for Producing High Titer Hepatitis E Virus Stocks
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Published on: June 26, 2020

Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction-Based Detection and Quantification of Hepatitis B Virus DNA
04:11

Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction-Based Detection and Quantification of Hepatitis B Virus DNA

Published on: December 15, 2023

Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Public Health
  • Zoonosis

Background:

  • Hepatitis E virus (HEV) causes hepatitis E, with genotypes 1 & 2 primarily human-affecting and genotypes 3 & 4 zoonotic.
  • HEV has been identified in various animals including swine, chickens, and deer, indicating broader host range.
  • HEV infection poses risks, especially during pregnancy and in chronic cases.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide an overview of recent advances in understanding HEV and hepatitis E.
  • To highlight the zoonotic nature of HEV and associated public health concerns.
  • To discuss HEV's nomenclature, genomic organization, gene functions, structure, and animal reservoirs.

Main Methods:

  • Review of recent scientific literature on Hepatitis E virus.
  • Analysis of HEV genotypes, genomic structure, and protein functions.
  • Examination of animal reservoirs, zoonotic transmission, and public health implications.

Main Results:

  • HEV genotypes 3 and 4 are zoonotic, with pigs and chickens identified as sources.
  • Cross-species infection by swine HEV demonstrates significant zoonotic risk.
  • The 3D structure of HEV capsid protein is now known, aiding vaccine and antiviral development.

Conclusions:

  • Hepatitis E is increasingly recognized as a zoonotic disease with significant public health implications.
  • Pigs and other animal species are likely reservoirs for HEV, necessitating attention to food safety.
  • Further research into HEV, including novel animal models, is crucial for control and prevention.