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Related Concept Videos

Cognitive Theories: Lazarus Mediational Theory of Emotion01:17

Cognitive Theories: Lazarus Mediational Theory of Emotion

Richard Lazarus' cognitive mediational theory highlights the pivotal role of cognitive appraisal in shaping emotional responses. According to this theory, the evaluation of a stimulus — based on personal values, goals, beliefs, and expectations — mediates the emotional response. This appraisal process is immediate and often occurs unconsciously, influencing the intensity and nature of the resulting emotion.
Cognitive Appraisal and Emotional Response
Lazarus proposed that emotions are not solely...

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Signal Attenuation as a Rat Model of Obsessive Compulsive Disorder
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Lorazepam modulates orbitofrontal signal changes during emotional processing in catatonia.

Andre Richter1, Simone Grimm, Georg Northoff

  • 1University Hospital of Psychiatry (Burghoelzli Hospital), Zurich, Switzerland. andre.richter@puk.zh.ch

Human Psychopharmacology
|December 31, 2009
PubMed
Summary

Lorazepam normalizes orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) activity in catatonia patients during emotional processing. This suggests GABAergic modulation of emotion regulation is key to understanding catatonic symptoms.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Psychiatry
  • Neuroimaging

Background:

  • Catatonia is a complex psychomotor syndrome with diverse symptoms.
  • Lorazepam, acting on GABA(A) receptors, often provides rapid symptom relief in catatonia.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate prefrontal cortex activation patterns during emotion processing in catatonia.
  • To examine the effects of lorazepam on brain activity in catatonic patients using fMRI.

Main Methods:

  • Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) was employed in a double-blind study.
  • Emotional stimulation was achieved using the International Affective Picture System (IAPS).
  • Blood-oxygen-level-dependent (BOLD) signals were analyzed in regions of interest (ROIs).

Main Results:

  • Lorazepam administration led to decreased orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) activity in response to negative emotional stimuli in catatonic patients.
  • This reduction in OFC activity normalized patterns compared to healthy subjects receiving a placebo.
  • Findings suggest OFC dysfunction in catatonia.

Conclusions:

  • Catatonia involves disturbances in orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) functioning.
  • GABAergic modulation impacts emotion regulation in catatonia, potentially involving reduced inhibition of affective stimuli.