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Related Concept Videos

Cellular Differentiation00:57

Cellular Differentiation

How does a complex organism such as a human develop from a single cell? It all starts from a single fertilized egg which gives rise to a vast array of cell types, such as nerve cells, muscle cells, and epithelial cells that characterize the adult? Throughout development and adulthood, cellular differentiation leads cells to assume their final morphology and physiology. Differentiation is the process by which unspecialized cells become specialized to carry out distinct functions.
A zygote is a...
Distinctive Features of Adult Stem Cells vs Cancer Stem Cells01:18

Distinctive Features of Adult Stem Cells vs Cancer Stem Cells

A stem cell is an unspecialized cell that can divide without limit as needed and can, under specific conditions, differentiate into specialized cells.
Adult stem cells
Adult stem cells are tissue-specific; hence, they divide to develop the tissue from which they originate. One type of adult stem cell is the epithelial stem cell, which gives rise to the keratinocytes in the multiple layers of epithelial cells in the epidermis of the skin. Adult bone marrow has three distinct types of stem cells:...
Stem Cell Niche01:26

Stem Cell Niche

The stem cell niche is the dynamic microenvironment where stem cells reside. Inside these niches, the cells may remain undifferentiated, undergo high self-renewal, or become lineage-specific progenitors. Stem cells coexist with other niche cells, such as stromal cells. They also interact closely with the ECM. Cell-cell and cell-matrix communication occur via adhesion molecules or soluble factors that signal the stem cells and determine their fate. Stromal cells also provide survival signals to...
Replicative Cell Senescence02:15

Replicative Cell Senescence

Replicative cell senescence is a property of cells that allows them to divide a finite number of times throughout the organism's lifespan while preventing excessive proliferation. Replicative senescence is associated with the gradual loss of the telomere — short, repetitive DNA sequences found at the end of the chromosomes. Telomeres are bound by a group of proteins to form a protective cap on the ends of chromosomes. Embryonic stem cells express telomerase — an enzyme that adds the telomeric...
Replicative Cell Senescence02:15

Replicative Cell Senescence

Replicative cell senescence is a property of cells that allows them to divide a finite number of times throughout the organism's lifespan while preventing excessive proliferation. Replicative senescence is associated with the gradual loss of the telomere — short, repetitive DNA sequences found at the end of the chromosomes. Telomeres are bound by a group of proteins to form a protective cap on the ends of chromosomes. Embryonic stem cells express telomerase — an enzyme that adds the telomeric...
Cancer Stem Cells and Tumor Maintenance02:40

Cancer Stem Cells and Tumor Maintenance

Early diagnosis and treatment can often cure cancer. However, even with treatment, residual cells called cancer stem cells (CSC) might remain, often causing tumor recurrence. These cancer stem cells possess the potential for self-renewal and multi-lineage differentiation and are often responsible for the therapeutic resistance displayed in most cancers.
Cancer stem cells are thought to originate from tissue-specific normal stem cells or progenitor cells. The normal stem cells usually reside in...

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Techniques to Induce and Quantify Cellular Senescence
06:51

Techniques to Induce and Quantify Cellular Senescence

Published on: May 1, 2017

Senescing cells share common features with dedifferentiating cells.

Meytal Damri1, Gila Granot, Hagit Ben-Meir

  • 1French Associates Institute for Agriculture and Biotechnology of Drylands, Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel and Midreshet Ben-Gurion, Israel.

Rejuvenation Research
|January 1, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Cellular dedifferentiation allows somatic cells to regain stem cell-like properties. Plant and animal cells under stress may dedifferentiate, resembling senescence, before adopting new cell fates like cell cycling or death.

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Area of Science:

  • Plant Biology
  • Cell Biology
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Dedifferentiation is the process where somatic cells regain stem cell-like properties.
  • This occurs during development and in response to stimuli like wounding or infection.
  • Differentiated plant leaf cells transition into protoplasts, showing chromatin decondensation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying cellular dedifferentiation in plants.
  • To compare dedifferentiation with cellular senescence.
  • To explore the role of stress in inducing dedifferentiation and senescence.

Main Methods:

  • Transcriptome profiling of dedifferentiating protoplast cells.
  • Analysis of senescing leaves induced by dark exposure.
  • Microscopic observation of chromatin and nucleolus structure.

Main Results:

  • Dedifferentiating protoplasts share gene expression patterns with senescing cells, notably increased transcription factors (TFs) like ANAC, WRKY, bZIP, and C2H2.
  • Dark-induced senescence in leaves exhibits dedifferentiation features: chromatin decondensation, nucleolus disruption, and rRNA gene condensation.
  • Stress-induced premature senescence in plant and animal cells may converge on dedifferentiation.

Conclusions:

  • Cellular dedifferentiation involves chromatin decondensation and altered TF expression, similar to senescence.
  • Stress responses in both plants and animals can lead to dedifferentiation, a stem cell-like state.
  • Dedifferentiation may precede cell fate decisions, including cell cycle reentry or cell death, under stress conditions.