Related Experiment Video
Updated: Aug 10, 2026

In Vivo Imaging of Cerebrospinal Fluid Transport through the Intact Mouse Skull using Fluorescence Macroscopy
Published on: July 29, 2019
Observation of cerebrospinal fluid flow with echo-planar magnetic resonance imaging
M K Stehling1, J L Firth, B S Worthington
1Department of Physics, University of Nottingham, UK.
Abstract:
Using echo-planar (EP) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) flow patterns have been demonstrated in the normal subject and patients with pathological conditions including communicating hydrocephalus, aqueduct stenosis and syringohydromyelia. Snap-shot imaging times of 128 ms allow detailed demonstration of transient intraventricular CSF flow patterns, which is not possible with conventional MRI. The potential of EPI as a method for qualitative and quantitative assessment of CSF dynamics is illustrated.

