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Related Concept Videos

Immunodeficiency Diseases01:25

Immunodeficiency Diseases

Immunodeficiency disorders are conditions in which the immune system's ability to fight infectious disease and cancer is compromised or entirely absent. The immune system comprises a complex network of cells, tissues, and organs that work together to protect the body from potentially harmful invaders. When this system is deficient or not functioning properly, it leaves the body susceptible to infections, diseases, or other complications.
There are three main causes of immunodeficiency disorders...
Primary Lymphoid Organs01:16

Primary Lymphoid Organs

Primary lymphoid organs are pivotal in the formation, development, and maturation of lymphocytes, the white blood cells that serve as the backbone of our immune system. This crucial function underscores their fundamental role in maintaining our overall health and immunity. The two primary lymphoid organs of prime importance are the red bone marrow and the thymus.
The red bone marrow is a soft, spongy tissue nestled in the interior of long bones such as the humerus and femur. It is the site...
Development of Immunocompetence01:22

Development of Immunocompetence

The initiation of cell-mediated immunity can be observed as early as the third month of fetal growth, with active antibody-mediated immunity following approximately one month later.
The initial cells that migrate from the fetal thymus settle within the skin and epithelial tissues lining the mouth, digestive tract, and in females, the uterus and vagina. These cells, including skin-based dendritic cells, serve as antigen-presenting cells, playing a key role in T cell activation.
Subsequent T...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 17, 2026

Simultaneous Quantification of T-Cell Receptor Excision Circles (TRECs) and K-Deleting Recombination Excision Circles (KRECs) by Real-time PCR
14:14

Simultaneous Quantification of T-Cell Receptor Excision Circles (TRECs) and K-Deleting Recombination Excision Circles (KRECs) by Real-time PCR

Published on: December 6, 2014

Laboratory evaluation of primary immunodeficiencies.

João B Oliveira1, Thomas A Fleisher

  • 1Department of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, USA.

The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology
|January 1, 2010
PubMed
Summary

Primary immunodeficiencies are congenital immune system defects causing recurrent infections and autoimmune issues. Early diagnosis and investigation are crucial for timely treatment and management.

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Development of an IFN-γ ELISpot Assay to Assess Varicella-Zoster Virus-specific Cell-mediated Immunity Following Umbilical Cord Blood Transplantation
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Detection and Enrichment of Rare Antigen-specific B Cells for Analysis of Phenotype and Function

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Simultaneous Quantification of T-Cell Receptor Excision Circles (TRECs) and K-Deleting Recombination Excision Circles (KRECs) by Real-time PCR

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Development of an IFN-γ ELISpot Assay to Assess Varicella-Zoster Virus-specific Cell-mediated Immunity Following Umbilical Cord Blood Transplantation
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Detection and Enrichment of Rare Antigen-specific B Cells for Analysis of Phenotype and Function

Published on: February 16, 2017

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Genetics
  • Clinical Medicine

Background:

  • Primary immunodeficiencies (PIDs) are inherited disorders affecting immune system components.
  • Patients often experience recurrent, severe infections and autoimmune complications.
  • Prompt diagnosis is vital for effective management and improved patient outcomes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To outline a general approach for investigating common primary immunodeficiencies.
  • To highlight typical clinical presentations associated with PIDs.
  • To identify the most appropriate laboratory investigations for PID diagnosis.

Main Methods:

  • Review of clinical symptoms characteristic of common PIDs.
  • Description of a systematic diagnostic workup strategy.
  • Guidance on selecting relevant laboratory tests for immune function assessment.

Main Results:

  • Common PIDs present with recurrent infections and/or autoimmune phenomena.
  • A structured approach aids in identifying the underlying immune defect.
  • Specific laboratory investigations correlate with distinct PID types.

Conclusions:

  • Early identification of PIDs through clinical and laboratory evaluation is essential.
  • A standardized investigative approach facilitates timely diagnosis and treatment.
  • Effective management of PIDs relies on specialized care and prompt therapeutic intervention.