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Related Concept Videos

Cranial and Spinal Meninges01:19

Cranial and Spinal Meninges

The cranial and spinal meninges are complex protective structures surrounding the central nervous system (CNS), consisting of the brain and spinal cord. These meninges consist of the dura mater, the arachnoid mater, and the pia mater. They protect the CNS, provide structural support, and aid in circulating cerebrospinal fluid (CSF).
Cranial Meninges
These meningeal layers cover the cranium. The dura mater is the outermost layer of cranial meninges. It is a thick and durable membrane of dense...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 17, 2026

Intraoperative Ultrasound in Spinal Surgery
05:53

Intraoperative Ultrasound in Spinal Surgery

Published on: August 17, 2022

Mobile spinal ependymoma.

Karam Moon1, Andreas K Filis, Alan R Cohen

  • 1Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Rainbow Babies and Children's Hospital, The Neurological Institute, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.

Journal of Neurosurgery. Pediatrics
|January 2, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study details a rare mobile ependymoma in the cauda equina that migrated during surgery. A Valsalva maneuver aided visualization and successful resection of this spinal tumor.

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Area of Science:

  • Neurosurgery
  • Spinal Oncology
  • Neuropathology

Background:

  • Mobile spinal tumors, primarily schwannomas, are documented.
  • Discrepancies between preoperative imaging and intraoperative tumor location can occur.

Observation:

  • An unusual case of a mobile cauda equina ependymoma is presented.
  • The tumor exhibited cephalad migration upon durotomy, complicating resection.
  • A Valsalva maneuver induced caudal migration, facilitating tumor visualization.

Findings:

  • Successful resection of the mobile ependymoma was achieved.
  • The Valsalva maneuver proved effective in repositioning the tumor into the surgical field.

Implications:

  • This case highlights the importance of recognizing mobile spinal tumors.
  • Understanding tumor migration can prevent diagnostic confusion and unnecessary surgical procedures like multilevel laminectomy.