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Related Concept Videos

Modified-Release Drug Delivery Systems: Overview01:19

Modified-Release Drug Delivery Systems: Overview

Modified-release dosage forms are designed to address the limitations of drugs with short biological half-lives. These forms maintain stable therapeutic drug concentrations over extended periods, reducing the need for frequent dosing. A consistent drug level helps minimize peak-trough fluctuations, which can reduce adverse effects, lower the risk of drug resistance, and improve overall treatment effectiveness.One common type of modified-release form is the extended-release (ER) formulation. ER...
Modified-Release Drug Delivery Systems: Classification01:23

Modified-Release Drug Delivery Systems: Classification

Modified-release drug delivery systems improve drug efficacy and minimize side effects by controlling the rate and location of drug release. These systems fall into three categories: rate-programmed, stimuli-activated, and site-targeted.Rate-programmed systems release drugs at a predetermined rate, maintaining consistent therapeutic levels and reducing fluctuations that could lead to toxicity or subtherapeutic effects. These systems use polymeric matrices, reservoir-based designs, or osmotic...
Drug Delivery Systems: Different Types01:27

Drug Delivery Systems: Different Types

Conventional oral drug products, termed immediate-release (IR) formulations, are engineered to promptly release their active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) upon ingestion, typically in tablets or capsules. This rapid release often results in swift drug absorption and consequent pharmacodynamic effects, although the timing and intensity can vary depending on the drug's properties. Prodrugs within these formulations require metabolic conversion to activate their pharmacodynamic effects,...
Drug Delivery: Overview01:16

Drug Delivery: Overview

The selection of a drug's delivery route depends upon its physicochemical properties, including lipid or water solubility and ionization, as well as the therapeutic requirement, such as immediate or sustained effect. These routes can be divided into three primary categories: enteral, parenteral, and topical.
Enteral delivery involves administering drugs directly through swallowing, sublingual placement, or buccal application. Orally administered drugs predominantly navigate the gastrointestinal...
Modified-Release Drug Delivery Systems: Bioavailability01:30

Modified-Release Drug Delivery Systems: Bioavailability

Modified-release (MR) dosage forms are designed to extend drug release over time, thereby maintaining stable plasma concentrations and reducing dosing frequency. However, their bioavailability is typically below 100% due to incomplete drug release and presystemic metabolism, and limitations in drug permeability across the gastrointestinal epithelium, all of which can restrict the fraction of the drug reaching systemic circulation. Consequently, studying the in vivo bioavailability of MR...
Modified-Release Drug Delivery Systems: Site-Targeted01:24

Modified-Release Drug Delivery Systems: Site-Targeted

Site-targeted drug delivery systems enhance therapeutic efficacy while minimizing systemic toxicity and treatment costs. Unlike conventional methods, these systems ensure precise drug delivery, improving bioavailability and reducing side effects. Targeted drug delivery is classified into three levels. First-order targeting directs drugs to the capillary beds of specific organs or tissues. Second-order targets specific cell types, such as tumor cells, using receptor-mediated interactions.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 17, 2026

Fabrication and Characterization of Microneedle Patches for Loading and Delivery of Exosomes
07:41

Fabrication and Characterization of Microneedle Patches for Loading and Delivery of Exosomes

Published on: July 12, 2024

Hexosomes: a novel drug delivery system.

Rajashree Hirlekar1, Sunilkumar Jain, Mayank Patel

  • 1Bharati Vidyapeeth's College of Pharmacy, Sector 8, CBD- Belapur, Maharashtra, India. rshirlekar@rediffmail.com

Current Drug Delivery
|January 5, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Hexosomes, a type of liquid crystalline phase, offer unique structures for drug delivery. These phases improve solubility and enable transport of therapeutic molecules via various routes.

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Targeted Plasma Membrane Delivery of a Hydrophobic Cargo Encapsulated in a Liquid Crystal Nanoparticle Carrier
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Last Updated: Jun 17, 2026

Fabrication and Characterization of Microneedle Patches for Loading and Delivery of Exosomes
07:41

Fabrication and Characterization of Microneedle Patches for Loading and Delivery of Exosomes

Published on: July 12, 2024

Targeted Plasma Membrane Delivery of a Hydrophobic Cargo Encapsulated in a Liquid Crystal Nanoparticle Carrier
10:16

Targeted Plasma Membrane Delivery of a Hydrophobic Cargo Encapsulated in a Liquid Crystal Nanoparticle Carrier

Published on: February 8, 2017

Area of Science:

  • Physical Chemistry
  • Materials Science
  • Pharmaceutical Sciences

Background:

  • Polar lipids and surfactants form diverse liquid crystalline phases like lamellar, hexagonal, and cubic.
  • Hexosomes are reverse hexagonal phases with hexagonally packed water layers and surfactant monolayers.
  • These structures offer unique properties for encapsulating and delivering active molecules.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the preparation methods of hexosomes.
  • To explore the applications of hexosomes in drug delivery systems.
  • To highlight the potential of hexosomes for enhancing drug solubility and transport.

Main Methods:

  • Preparation of hexosomes using various lipid and surfactant compositions.
  • Characterization of hexosome structures using techniques like X-ray diffraction and microscopy.
  • Evaluation of drug loading and release kinetics within hexosome formulations.
  • Assessment of hexosome-based drug delivery across different administration routes (oral, transdermal, parenteral).

Main Results:

  • Hexosomes demonstrate excellent capacity for solubilizing poorly water-soluble drugs.
  • Biologically active molecules can be incorporated into aqueous cores or attached to lipid moieties.
  • Hexosomes facilitate the delivery of peptides and proteins via oral, transdermal, and parenteral routes.
  • The structural properties of hexosomes are tunable by adjusting lipid composition and physicochemical conditions.

Conclusions:

  • Hexosomes represent a promising drug delivery vehicle due to their unique structure and versatility.
  • They offer significant advantages in improving drug solubility and enabling effective therapeutic molecule transport.
  • Further research into hexosome preparation and application can lead to advanced pharmaceutical formulations.