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Related Concept Videos

Myasthenia Gravis ll: Pathophysiology01:22

Myasthenia Gravis ll: Pathophysiology

The disease process of myasthenia gravis begins at the neuromuscular junction, where antibodies attack key proteins needed for muscle activation. This immune reaction weakens signal transmission, leading to the characteristic muscle fatigue and weakness that define the condition.Immune-Mediated DamageIn most individuals, antibodies target acetylcholine receptors (AChRs) on the postsynaptic membrane of muscle cells. By blocking acetylcholine binding, these antibodies prevent the nerve signal...
Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever01:26

Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever

Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever (RMSF) is a severe tick-borne illness caused by Rickettsia rickettsii, a Gram-negative, coccobacillary bacterium. This pathogen is an obligate intracellular parasite, requiring a host cell for replication. Transmission occurs through the bite of an infected tick. In the United States, the most important vectors are Dermacentor variabilis (American dog tick) and Dermacentor andersoni (Rocky Mountain wood tick), though other tick species may also serve as vectors.
Myocarditis I: Introduction01:21

Myocarditis I: Introduction

Myocarditis is inflammation of the myocardium, which is the muscular layer of the heart.EtiologyMyocarditis has a diverse etiology, including a wide range of infectious and non-infectious causes:Infectious CausesViral: Common viruses include Coxsackie A and B, adenovirus, parvovirus B19, enteroviruses, and influenza A.Bacterial: Examples include infections caused by Streptococcus, Staphylococcus, and Mycoplasma species.Rickettsial: Infections like Rocky Mountain spotted fever can result in...
Tetanus01:29

Tetanus

Tetanus is a life-threatening neurological disorder characterized by persistent muscle contractions and spastic paralysis. It is caused by Clostridium tetani, a motile, Gram-positive, rod-shaped, obligate anaerobe. These bacteria produce terminal endospores, giving them a distinctive “lollipop” or “tennis-racket” appearance. They thrive in anaerobic environments, such as those found in deep puncture wounds.Once introduced into the body, the spores germinate into vegetative cells. These cells...
Myasthenia Gravis: Diagnostic Tests01:15

Myasthenia Gravis: Diagnostic Tests

Myasthenia gravis is an autoimmune condition affecting neuromuscular transmission, causing generalized weakness in skeletal muscles. Initial diagnoses rely on patients' signs, symptoms, and medical history. The challenge lies in distinguishing myasthenia from other muscular dystrophies. An important diagnostic feature is the significant improvement of symptoms after administering anticholinesterase inhibitors.
The edrophonium test is a diagnostic tool for myasthenia gravis. It involves...
Disorders of the Skeletal Muscle01:28

Disorders of the Skeletal Muscle

The clinical conditions affecting the skeletal muscle tissue are broadly categorized as musculoskeletal and neuromuscular disorders.
Musculoskeletal disorders
Musculoskeletal disorders involve injuries and conditions affecting the skeletal muscles and associated connective tissues. These disorders can arise from acute biomechanical stresses or chronic overuse and can occur across different age groups. Common injuries include sprains, fractures, and muscular strains, often resulting from...

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Updated: Jun 17, 2026

A Preclinical Model of Sepsis-Induced Myopathy with Disuse in Mice
04:01

A Preclinical Model of Sepsis-Induced Myopathy with Disuse in Mice

Published on: June 14, 2024

Sepsis-induced myopathy.

Leigh Ann Callahan1, Gerald S Supinski

  • 1Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA. lacall2@email.uky.edu

Critical Care Medicine
|January 5, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Sepsis causes muscle weakness in survivors, leading to long-term disability. Understanding sepsis-induced myopathy mechanisms may help prevent this acquired weakness.

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Area of Science:

  • Critical care medicine
  • Muscle physiology
  • Pathophysiology

Background:

  • Sepsis significantly contributes to mortality in critically ill patients.
  • Survivors often develop persistent acquired weakness, impacting respiratory and limb muscles.
  • This weakness leads to prolonged mechanical ventilation, impaired function, and reduced quality of life.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the pathophysiology of sepsis-induced myopathy.
  • To explore the subcellular mechanisms driving muscle dysfunction in sepsis.
  • To discuss potential therapeutic targets for mitigating sepsis-related muscle weakness.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on sepsis and skeletal muscle.
  • Analysis of cellular and molecular pathways involved in sepsis-induced muscle damage.
  • Examination of evidence linking inflammatory cytokines, free radicals, and proteolytic pathways to myopathy.

Main Results:

  • Sepsis induces myopathy characterized by reduced muscle force, atrophy, and impaired bioenergetics.
  • Subcellular derangements include altered membrane excitability, calcium homeostasis, and contractile protein interactions.
  • Mitochondrial dysfunction and increased proteolytic degradation contribute to muscle wasting.

Conclusions:

  • Sepsis triggers complex molecular events leading to skeletal muscle dysfunction.
  • Proinflammatory cytokines, free radicals, and proteolytic pathways are key mediators.
  • Targeting these pathways offers potential therapeutic strategies against sepsis-induced myopathy and acquired weakness.