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mTOR Signaling and Cancer Progression

mTOR Signaling and Cancer Progression

The mammalian target of rapamycin or mTOR protein was discovered in 1994 due to its direct interaction with rapamycin. The protein gets its name from a yeast homolog called TOR. The mTOR protein complex in mammalian cells plays a major role in balancing anabolic processes such as the synthesis of proteins, lipids, and nucleotides and catabolic processes, such as autophagy in response to environmental cues, such as availability of nutrients and growth factors.
The mTOR pathway or the...

mTOR Signaling and Cancer Progression

mTOR Signaling and Cancer Progression

The mammalian target of rapamycin or mTOR protein was discovered in 1994 due to its direct interaction with rapamycin. The protein gets its name from a yeast homolog called TOR. The mTOR protein complex in mammalian cells plays a major role in balancing anabolic processes such as the synthesis of proteins, lipids, and nucleotides and catabolic processes, such as autophagy in response to environmental cues, such as availability of nutrients and growth factors.
The mTOR pathway or the...

PI3K/mTOR/AKT Signaling Pathway

PI3K/mTOR/AKT Signaling Pathway

The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) is a serine/threonine kinase that regulates growth, proliferation, and cell survival in response to hormones, growth factors, or nutrient availability. This kinase exists in two structurally and functionally distinct forms: mTOR complex 1 (mTORC1) and mTOR complex 2 (mTORC2). The first form (mTORC1) is composed of a rapamycin-sensitive Raptor and proline-rich Akt substrate, PRAS40. In contrast, mTORC2 consists of a rapamycin-insensitive companion...

Abnormal Proliferation

Abnormal Proliferation

Under normal conditions, most adult cells remain in a non-proliferative state unless stimulated by internal or external factors to replace lost cells. Abnormal cell proliferation is a condition in which the cell's growth exceeds and is uncoordinated with normal cells. In such situations, cell division persists in the same excessive manner even after cessation of the stimuli, leading to persistent tumors. The tumor arises from the damaged cells that replicate to pass the damage to the daughter...

Interactions Between Signaling Pathways

Interactions Between Signaling Pathways

Signaling cascades usually lack linearity. Multiple pathways interact and regulate one another, allowing cells to integrate and respond to diverse environmental stimuli.
Convergence and divergence, and cross-talk between signaling pathways
Two distinct signaling pathways can converge on a single functional unit, which may either be a single protein or a complex of proteins. The response is either functionally distinct or synergistic between the two pathways but different from the response...

Electron Transport Chain: Complex I and II

Electron Transport Chain: Complex I and II

The mitochondrial electron transport chain (ETC) is the main energy generation system in the eukaryotic cells. However, mitochondria also produce cytotoxic reactive oxygen species (ROS) due to the large electron flow during oxidative phosphorylation. While Complex I is one of the primary sources of superoxide radicals, ROS production by Complex II is uncommon and may only be observed in cancer cells with mutated complexes.
ROS generation is regulated and maintained at moderate levels necessary...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 17, 2026

Isolation of Primary Mouse Hepatocytes for Nascent Protein Synthesis Analysis by Non-radioactive L-azidohomoalanine Labeling Method

Isolation of Primary Mouse Hepatocytes for Nascent Protein Synthesis Analysis by Non-radioactive L-azidohomoalanine Labeling Method

Published on: October 23, 2018

Functional consequences of mTOR inhibition.

Sucha Sudarsanam¹, Dale E Johnson

¹Emiliem Inc, Emeryville, CA 94608-1903, USA. sucha@emiliem.com

Current Opinion in Drug Discovery & Development

|January 5, 2010

Summary

The target of rapamycin (TOR) pathway, particularly mTOR, regulates cell growth and is implicated in diseases like cancer. This review highlights recent advances in understanding mTOR inhibition and its therapeutic potential.

Area of Science:

Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
Cellular Signaling
Pharmacology

Background:

The target of rapamycin (TOR) is a highly conserved serine-threonine protein kinase.
The TOR signaling pathway, including mTOR in mammals, integrates various cellular signals.
Aberrant mTOR signaling is linked to diseases such as cancer, diabetes, and neurodegeneration, and influences lifespan.

Purpose of the Study:

To review recent advancements in understanding mTOR signaling.
To emphasize the functional consequences of mTOR pathway inhibition.
To discuss therapeutic intervention strategies targeting mTOR.

Main Methods:

Literature review of recent research on mTOR signaling.
Analysis of studies focusing on mTOR inhibition.

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Published on: May 1, 2020

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Last Updated: Jun 17, 2026

Isolation of Primary Mouse Hepatocytes for Nascent Protein Synthesis Analysis by Non-radioactive L-azidohomoalanine Labeling Method

Isolation of Primary Mouse Hepatocytes for Nascent Protein Synthesis Analysis by Non-radioactive L-azidohomoalanine Labeling Method

Published on: October 23, 2018

Monitoring eIF4F Assembly by Measuring eIF4E-eIF4G Interaction in Live Cells

Monitoring eIF4F Assembly by Measuring eIF4E-eIF4G Interaction in Live Cells

Published on: May 1, 2020

Examination of clinical applications and therapeutic strategies.

Main Results:

mTOR plays a critical role in cell growth, proliferation, protein synthesis, and autophagy.
Dysregulation of mTOR signaling is associated with numerous pathological conditions.
Rapamycin analogs targeting mTOR are approved for cancer treatment.

Conclusions:

Understanding mTOR signaling is crucial for developing treatments for various diseases.
mTOR inhibition presents a promising therapeutic strategy.
Further research into mTOR pathway modulation can lead to novel interventions.