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Related Concept Videos

Restarting Stalled Replication Forks02:37

Restarting Stalled Replication Forks

DNA replication is initiated at sites containing predefined DNA sequences known as origins of replication. DNA is unwound at these sites by the minichromosome maintenance (MCM) helicase and other factors such as Cdc45 and the associated GINS complex.The unwound single strands are protected by replication protein A (RPA) until DNA polymerase starts synthesizing DNA at the 5’ end of the strand in the same direction as the replication fork. To prevent the replication fork from falling apart, a...
Restarting Stalled Replication Forks02:37

Restarting Stalled Replication Forks

DNA replication is initiated at sites containing predefined DNA sequences known as origins of replication. DNA is unwound at these sites by the minichromosome maintenance (MCM) helicase and other factors such as Cdc45 and the associated GINS complex.The unwound single strands are protected by replication protein A (RPA) until DNA polymerase starts synthesizing DNA at the 5’ end of the strand in the same direction as the replication fork. To prevent the replication fork from falling apart, a...
The DNA Replication Fork01:02

The DNA Replication Fork

An organism’s genome needs to be duplicated in an efficient and error-free manner for its growth and survival. The replication fork is a Y-shaped active region where two strands of DNA are separated and replicated continuously. The coupling of DNA unzipping and complementary strand synthesis is a characteristic feature of a replication fork.   Organisms with small circular DNA, such as E. coli, often have a single origin of replication; therefore, they have only two replication forks, one in...
The DNA Replication Fork01:02

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An organism’s genome needs to be duplicated in an efficient and error-free manner for its growth and survival. The replication fork is a Y-shaped active region where two strands of DNA are separated and replicated continuously. The coupling of DNA unzipping and complementary strand synthesis is a characteristic feature of a replication fork.   Organisms with small circular DNA, such as E. coli, often have a single origin of replication; therefore, they have only two replication forks, one in...
Fixing Double-strand Breaks02:04

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The double-stranded structure of DNA has two major advantages. First, it serves as a safe repository of genetic information where one strand serves as the back-up in case the other strand is damaged. Second, the double-helical structure can be wrapped around proteins called histones to form nucleosomes, which can then be tightly wound to form chromosomes. This way, DNA chains up to 2 inches long can be contained within microscopic structures in a cell. A double-stranded break not only damages...
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The double-stranded structure of DNA has two major advantages. First, it serves as a safe repository of genetic information where one strand serves as the back-up in case the other strand is damaged. Second, the double-helical structure can be wrapped around proteins called histones to form nucleosomes, which can then be tightly wound to form chromosomes. This way, DNA chains up to 2 inches long can be contained within microscopic structures in a cell. A double-stranded break not only damages...

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Electrophoretic Analysis of Replication Through Structure-Prone DNA Repeats Within the SV40-Based Human Episome
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Leaping forks at inverted repeats.

Dana Branzei1, Marco Foiani

  • 1Fondazione IFOM, Istituto FIRC di Oncologia Molecolare, 20139 Milan, Italy. dana.branzei@ifom-ieo-campus.it

Genes & Development
|January 6, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Genome instability, linked to cancer, can arise from DNA repeat elements. Studies show inverted repeats in yeast recombine via replication-driven template switching, forming unstable chromosomes.

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Area of Science:

  • Genetics
  • Molecular Biology
  • Genomics

Background:

  • Genome rearrangements are linked to genome instability in diseases like cancer.
  • Repeat elements in genomes are prone to instability.
  • The mechanisms and intermediates generating genome-wide instability are not fully understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying genome-wide instability.
  • To identify chromosome intermediates involved in generating instability.
  • To explore the role of inverted repeats in recombination and chromosome formation.

Main Methods:

  • Studied spontaneous recombination of nearby inverted repeats in budding and fission yeasts.
  • Investigated the mechanism of recombination, focusing on double-strand break formation and replication processes.

Main Results:

  • Nearby inverted repeats in yeast recombine spontaneously and frequently.
  • This recombination forms dicentric and acentric chromosomes.
  • The recombination mechanism does not require double-strand break formation.

Conclusions:

  • Recombination of inverted repeats is a likely cause of genome-wide instability.
  • A replication mechanism involving template switching underlies this recombination.
  • Further research into these mechanisms can inform understanding of genome instability in disease.