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Related Concept Videos

Allergic Reactions: Anaphylaxis01:30

Allergic Reactions: Anaphylaxis

Anaphylaxis is a severe, life-threatening hypersensitivity reaction mediated by Immunoglobulin E (IgE) antibodies. When IgE binds to allergens, it triggers the release of mediators– histamine, leukotrienes, and prostaglandins from mast cells and basophils. These mediators cause vasodilation, edema, and inflammation, leading to various symptoms.The primary allergens causing anaphylaxis include food items (e.g., peanuts, shellfish), drugs (e.g., penicillin, asparaginase, corticotropin, heparin),...
Allergic Reactions02:06

Allergic Reactions

Overview
Drug Toxicity: Allergic Reactions01:30

Drug Toxicity: Allergic Reactions

Drug-related allergies are immune-mediated responses triggered by the administration of pharmacological agents. These hypersensitivity reactions are classified based on the immune mechanisms involved. The four primary types—Type I, II, III, and IV—are mediated by different immunological pathways and exhibit distinct clinical manifestations.Type I Hypersensitivity/ IgE-Mediated Reactions: Immunoglobulin E (IgE) immediately mediates Type I hypersensitivity reactions. Upon initial exposure to a...
Hypersensitivities01:30

Hypersensitivities

Hypersensitivity, also known as a hypersensitivity reaction or allergic reaction, is a condition where the body's immune system reacts abnormally to a foreign substance. Such substances, that cause hypersensitivity are referred to as an allergen, could be something typically harmless to most people, like pollen or certain foods.
Types of Hypersensitivities
Hypersensitivity reactions are categorized into four types: Type 1, Type 2, Type 3, and Type 4. Each type has a distinct mechanism...
Allergic Drug Reactions01:27

Allergic Drug Reactions

Allergic reactions related to drugs are hypersensitivity responses driven by the immune system and bear no connection to the drug's therapeutic action. While drugs in isolation do not trigger an immune response, they can interact with endogenous proteins to form antigens. These antigens stimulate lymphocytes to produce antibodies. IgE-type antibodies attach themselves to mast cells. Upon subsequent exposure to the same stimulus, the antigen-antibody interaction is initiated, unleashing numerous...
Hypersensitivity Reactions: Immune-Complex Reactions01:19

Hypersensitivity Reactions: Immune-Complex Reactions

Type III hypersensitivity reactions occur when antigen–antibody complexes form and activate the complement system. Normally, these complexes help the clearance of antigens by phagocytes and red blood cells. However, when large numbers of immune complexes are present, they can deposit in tissues—particularly in the walls of blood vessels—leading to inflammation and tissue injury. These deposits trigger complement activation and neutrophil recruitment, resulting in serum sickness, a systemic...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 17, 2026

Measuring Local Anaphylaxis in Mice
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Exercise-induced anaphylaxis: a serious but preventable disorder.

Christopher W T Miller1, Bhuvana Guha, Guha Krishnaswamy

  • 1Department of Internal Medicine James H. Quillen VA Medical Center and the Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, 37614-1700, USA.

The Physician and Sportsmedicine
|January 6, 2010
PubMed
Summary

Exercise-induced anaphylaxis is a rare allergic reaction to physical activity. Recognizing its symptoms and management is crucial for public health, especially with rising fitness trends.

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Area of Science:

  • Allergy and Immunology
  • Exercise Physiology

Background:

  • Exercise-induced anaphylaxis (EIA) is a rare condition triggered by physical activity.
  • Predisposing factors, such as food ingestion before exercise, are known.
  • Understanding EIA is vital due to increasing physical activity participation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the clinical features, mechanisms, and management of exercise-induced anaphylaxis.
  • To highlight the importance of recognizing EIA in clinical practice.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of exercise-induced anaphylaxis.
  • Analysis of clinical manifestations, predisposing factors, and proposed mechanisms.
  • Summary of current treatment and management strategies.

Main Results:

  • EIA presents with symptoms like urticaria, respiratory distress, and vascular collapse, typically after 10 minutes of exercise.
  • Mechanisms may involve mast cell degranulation influenced by exercise and allergens (e.g., wheat).
  • Differential diagnosis includes systemic mastocytosis and cholinergic urticaria.

Conclusions:

  • Immediate treatment involves epinephrine and antihistamines.
  • Patient education on prevention and emergency preparedness with autoinjectors is essential.
  • Healthcare providers must be aware of EIA's features for effective management.