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Related Concept Videos

Total Internal Reflection Fluorescence Microscopy01:05

Total Internal Reflection Fluorescence Microscopy

Total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy or TIRF is an advanced microscopic technique used to visualize fluorophores in samples close to a solid surface with a higher refractive index, such as a glass coverslip. TIRF only allows fluorophores in proximity to the solid surface to be excited. When light from a medium with a lower refractive index (such as air) hits the glass coverslip at a critical angle, the light undergoes total internal reflection stead of passing through the glass.

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Low-cost Custom Fabrication and Mode-locked Operation of an All-normal-dispersion Femtosecond Fiber Laser for Multiphoton Microscopy
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A laser output coupler using frustrated total internal reflection.

E L Steele1, W C Davis, R L Treuthart

  • 1Lasers and Electro-Optics Department, Autonetics, a Division of North American Aviation, Inc., Anaheim, California, USA.

Applied Optics
|January 6, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

A novel frustrated total internal reflection output coupler for ruby lasers has been developed. This component, made of fused silica, offers superior durability and reproducibility compared to traditional dielectric reflectors.

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Area of Science:

  • Optics
  • Laser Physics
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Conventional laser output couplers often rely on thin-film optical coatings.
  • These dielectric reflectors can be susceptible to damage from high-intensity laser radiation, such as Q-spoiled bursts.
  • This limits the reproducibility and longevity of laser experiments.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and characterize a new type of output coupler for optically pumped ruby lasers.
  • To eliminate the need for thin-film optical coatings.
  • To enhance the durability and reproducibility of laser systems.

Main Methods:

  • A frustrated total internal reflection (FTIR) configuration was employed.
  • The coupler was fabricated using fused silica with a precisely controlled air gap (0.483 μm).
  • Techniques were developed to maintain the gap at a fraction of the ruby emission wavelength (6943 Å).

Main Results:

  • The FTIR coupler effectively couples a fraction of laser radiation while acting as a partial reflector.
  • Transmission, reflection, and scattering loss characteristics were measured.
  • The coupler demonstrated high resistance to damage from Q-spoiled laser bursts, unlike conventional dielectric reflectors.

Conclusions:

  • The developed FTIR output coupler provides a durable and reproducible alternative to traditional optical coatings.
  • It enables more reliable laser experiments by withstanding high-intensity radiation.
  • This innovation advances the design of laser output components.